【第一页】阅读正文&题目
【第二页】阅读答案&解析
【第三页】全文翻译




Giving Credit Where Credit Is Not Due



  The big identity-theft bust last week was just a taste of what's to come. Here's how to protect your good name

  HERE'S THE SCARY THING about the identity-theft ring that the feds cracked last week: there was nothing any of its estimated 40,000 victims could have done to prevent it from happening. This was an inside job, according to court documents. A lowly help-desk worker at Teledata Communications, a software firm that helps banks access credit reports online, allegedly stole passwords for those reports and sold them to a group of 20 thieves at $60 a pop. That allowed the gang to cherry-pick consumers with good credit and apply for all kinds of accounts in their names. Cost to the victims: $3 million and rising.

  Even scarier is that this, the largest identity-theft bust to date, is just a drop in the bit bucket. More than 700,000 Americans have their credit hijacked every year. It's one of crime's biggest growth markets. A name, address and Social Security number--which can often be found on the Web--is all anybody needs to apply for a bogus line of credit. Credit companies make $1.3 trillion annually and lose less than 2% of that revenue to fraud, so there's little financial incentive for them to make the application process more secure. As it stands now, it's up to you to protect your identity.

  The good news is that there are plenty of steps you can take. Most credit thieves are opportunists, not well-organized gangs. A lot of them go Dumpster diving for those millions of "pre-approved" credit-card mailings that go out every day. Others steal wallets and return them, taking only a Social Security number. Shredding your junk mail and leaving your Social Security card at home can save a lot of agony later.

  But the most effective way to keep your identity clean is to check your credit reports once or twice a year. There are three major credit-report outfits: Equifax (at equifax.com), Trans-Union (www.transunion.com) and Experian (experian.com). All allow you to order reports online, which is a lot better than wading through voice-mail hell on their 800 lines. Of the three, I found TransUnion's website to be the cheapest and most comprehensive--laying out state-by-state prices, rights and tips for consumers in easy-to-read fashion.

  If you're lucky enough to live in Colorado, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey or Vermont, you are entitled to one free report a year by law. Otherwise it's going to cost $8 to $14 each time. Avoid services that offer to monitor your reports year-round for about $70; that's $10 more than the going rate among thieves. If you think you're a victim of identity theft, you can ask for fraud alerts to be put on file at each of the three credit-report companies. You can also download a theft-report form at www.consumer.gov/idtheft, which, along with a local police report, should help when irate creditors come knocking. Just don't expect justice. That audacious help-desk worker was one of the fewer than 2% of identity thieves who are ever caught.

  
引用
By Chris Taylor Time; 12/9/2002, Vol. 160 Issue 24, p100, 3/4p, 1c

  注(1):本文选自Time; 12/9/2002, p100, 3/4p, 1c;

  注(2):本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题Text 1;

  1.What is the trend of credit-theft crime?

  [A]Tightly suppressed.

  [B]More frightening.

  [C]Rapidly increasing.

  [D]loosely controlled.

  2.The expression “inside job”(Line 6, Paragraph 1) most probably means _________.

  [A]a crime that is committed by a person working for the victim

  [B]a crime that should be punished severely

  [C]a crime that does great harm to the victim

  [D]a crime that poses a great threat to the society

  3.The creditors can protect their identity in the following way except _________.

  [A]destroying your junk mail

  [B]leaving your Social Security card at home

  [C]visiting the credit-report website regularly

  [D]obtaining the free report from the government

  4.Why is it easy to have credit-theft?

  [A]More people are using credit service.

  [B]The application program is not safe enough.

  [C]Creditors usually disclose their identity.

  [D]Creditors are not careful about their identity.

  5.What is the best title of the text?

  [A]The danger of credit-theft

  [B]The loss of the creditors

  [C]How to protect your good name

  [D]Why the creditors lose their identity


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    常有人问我:学英语有什么诀窍?说老实话,要想掌握一种语言,在缺乏必要的语言环境的条件下,实在没有什么捷径可走,但一套科学的学习方法却是必不可少的,我就是用自己总结出的“两遍阅读法”迅速提高了英语成绩,通过了CET各级考试。

  第一遍阅读重在训练速度
  
  “两遍阅读法”,即第一遍着重训练阅读能力,第二遍着重扩大词汇量并培养语感。
  
  起初进行阅读训练时,我参考了《Active Readers》这本书。首先从提高阅读速度入手。集中精力阅读一篇长度适中的文章,记下起止时间,并计算单位时间的阅读量。迫使自己进行快速阅读,便成了我的习惯。在第一遍阅读过程中,我将重点放在训练速度、掌握文章大意及基本结构上,并找出问题,以便进一步阅读时着重解决。
  
  第二遍阅读既要扩大词汇量又要培养语感
  
  第二遍阅读的重点有两个:一是扩大词汇量。具体做法是:把文章再读一遍,查出生单词,记到小笔记本上,有时间就拿出来背。
  
  背单词,我从不利用整块时间。当学习别的内容效率较低的时候,对我来说,背单词最合适。每次背的时间不一定很长,贵在多次反复。当时我使用的是《英汉词典》,因为我觉得英文解释不便于记忆。而在扩大词汇量的初期阶段,了解词的释义最重要。就这样,随着阅读量的增加,面的拓宽,我的词汇量也就突飞猛进了。只是到了后来准备TOEFL、GRE等考试时,我才开始背词汇手册,并使用英文解释,以了解词的确切含义及使用的语言环境。
  
  第二遍阅读的第二个重点在于培养语感。仔细地体会精彩的语言,留意词的使用以及搭配,对某些段落我常出声朗读,甚至背诵下来。这样做,有利于加强语感;为写作打基础。通过这种“两遍阅读法”,所读内容在我头脑中留下的印象一般都很深刻,而且也提高了阅读材料的利用率。
  
  分阶段选择不同难度的阅读材料
  
  这里,我们要结合两遍阅读法回头来说一下阅读的选材问题。
  
  我从一开始就选择一些当时对我们来说难度偏大的阅读材料。这些文章涉及的范围很广,包括了多个领域的词汇。有些文章甚至是自己不了解、甚至不大感兴趣的科普、历史、哲学等方面的文章。选择这样上千字的文章有一个好处,那就是通常会有二三十个生词,对于积累词汇非常有用。
  
  另外,针对不同的训练目的,我还选取了内容难度不同的阅读材料。例如,进行快速阅读时,可以选择生词量较小、篇幅较短的文章;而重点在扩大词汇量、拓宽视野的阅读训练,就选择英美报刊杂志。此外,我还注重循序渐进,根据不同阶段自己英语水平的变化选择相应的阅读材料。
  
  巧阅读使听、说、写三方面水到渠成
  
  有同学会问,英语包括听、说、读、写四方面,这样只重视“读”其他三方面不都荒废了吗?
  
  这一点大家不用担心。在阅读量还不足的初始阶段,我并不急于自己动笔写作,而是学习、模仿一些经典篇章——《新概念英语》第三册,还有精读课本中的一些精彩篇章,我都背过,并常利用早晨的时间大声朗读或者收听广播。这样一来,耳朵里听到、眼睛里看到了地道的英语,久而久之,自己也就学会说、学会写了。通过有意识的大量阅读,一方面扩大了词汇量,另一方面培养了语感。而这两方面我认为是掌握一种语言的两大支柱。读的内容多了,词汇量足够大,语感足够强,只要多加练习,听、说、写三个环节也就自然而然地提高了。考试的时候,在听、说,读、写能力逐步提高的基础上,只要稍微做一些模拟试题,了解各种测试特点,成绩自然不会差。我认为,与其到考试前夕,搞题海战术,倒还不如踏踏实实、一点一滴地积累。因为我深信:功到自然成。
1、最不可取的阅读方法。根据我的经验,我发现许多考生在阅读中多存在以下的不良习惯,这里特别指出,希望能够引起考生的注意,并加以避免改正。
  (1)“指读”,即为了“集中注意力”,用手指或笔尖指着文章逐词阅读。一遇到生词,便停顿下来,无法在通篇理解的基础上继续进行阅读。
  (2)“唇读”,即有的学生在阅读中喜欢读出声来,或即使不出声,嘴唇在动,或脑子里也在想着读音,无形当中影响了大脑的思维速度。
  (3)“回读”,即在阅读中遇到生词或不熟悉的短语时,返回句首甚至段首重读;还有相当多的学生对阅读已经产生心理定势,即认为自已第一遍肯定读不懂,因此反复多遍,浪费很多时间。
  (4)“译读”,即在阅读过程中,不断地进行逐词逐句的翻译,通过译成母语来辅助理解。由于没有掌握正确的阅读方法,习惯于在不加限定的时间内,对一小块文章精雕细琢,导致了逐词阅读接受信息的习惯。

  2、在阅读速度方面,要以较快的速度从大量材料中捕捉有关信息,学生必须养成良好的将遇良才习惯,不是逐词阅读,而是按意群(meaningful group)扫视、连贯阅读;是拘泥于个别词句的理解,而力求融会贯通、掌握通篇的中心思想;不是通过翻译来理解,而是使英语的文字在大脑里直接产生意义。只有这样,阅读速度才能加快,理解的准确率才会提高。

  3、在阅读理解方法方面,应看准确题干,根据不同的目的,采用不同的方法一般说来,有快读、查读和细读三种。
  (1)快读(Skimmming)。快读的目的是用浏览全言语的方法了解文章的大意和主题思想,并对文章的结构有个总的概念,快读时,应特别注意文章的开始段、结束段、文章中每段的段首句和结尾句以及篇章连接手段和行文中的信息词(signal word),因为它们往往是对文章内容的最精简概括,是左右文章大意的关键。
  (2)细读(Reading for full understanding)。找到文章中的有关范围以后,即在引范围内逐句阅读,特别对关键词、句要仔细琢磨,以便对其有较深刻、较准确的理解和掌握。不仅要理解其字面意思,而且要通过推理、判断、弄清文章中“字里行间”潜在意思。在细读时,对没有学过的生词,可根据上下文或自己的背景知识等来推测其意义;对难以看懂的长句,可借助语法手段,对其加以分析,以达到透彻理解。

  4、打下坚实的语言功底。当学生普遍了解了阅读方法与技巧后,都感到有了长足的进步,但再往后就感到提高不是太大,这主要是因为头脑长足的进步,但再往后就感到提高不是太大,这主要是因为头脑中的积累不够,因此在平进的学习过程中应把握以下两个方面:
  (1)掌握大纲要求的词汇量,新四级大纲要求基础阶段的大学生应掌握4200个中和短语;熟练掌握英语的语法及惯用法,在平进学习中注意对所学的语法知识加以归纳总结,达到熟练运用。
  (2)进行有计划、有目的、大量的阅读实践,只有在大量的阅读中,才能建立语感,掌握正确的阅读方法,提高阅读技能。但应注意的是这种阅读不是盲目的,而是有计划、有目的的,平时将遇良才时,把精读和泛读的内容区分开,定期进行阅读效果总结。同时,还应有意识地扩大阅读面,看一些有关英、美等国的社会文化背景的材料和科普读物,这对于提高理解能力是大有裨益的。
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