英语六级考试网(CET6)

      "Culture shock" occurs as result of total immersion in a new culture.It happens to "people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad."Newcomers may be anxious because they do not speak the language,know the customs,or understand people's behavior in daily life.The visitor finds that "yes" may not always mean "yes",that friendliness does not necessarily mean friendship,or that statements that appear to be serious are really intended as jokes.The foreigner may be unsure as to when to shake hands,when to start conversations,or how to approach a stranger.The notion of "culture shock" helps explain feelings of bewilderment and disorientation.Language problems do not account for all the frustrations that people feel.When one is deprived of everything that was once familiar,such as understanding a transportation system, knowing how to register for university classes,or knowing how to make friends,difficulties in coping whth the new society may arise.

　　"...when an individual enters a strange culture,he or she is like fish out of water."Newcomers feel at times that they do not belong to and feel alienated from the native members of the culture.When this happens visitors may want to reject everything about the new environment and may glorify and exaggerate the positive aspects of their own culture.Conversely visitors may scorn their native country by rejecting its values and instead choosing to identify with(if only temporatily)the value of the new country.This may occur as an attempt to over-identify with the new culture in order to be accepted by the people in it.

   The Colonel ask Ashenden a good many questions and then suggested that he had particular qualifications for the Secret Service. Ashenden knew several European languages and the fact that he was a writer provided excellent cover: on the pretext that he was writing a book he could, without attracting attention, visit any neutral country.

   It was while they were discussing this point that the Colonel said,"You know you might get material that would be very useful to you in your work. I'll tell you an incident that occurred only recently. Very dramatic. A foreign government minister went down to a Mediterranean resort to fecover from a cold and he had some very important documents with him that he kept in a despatchcase.

   "A day or two after he arrived, he picked up a blonde at some restaurant or other, and he got very friendly with her. He took her back to his hotel, and when he came to himself in the morning the lady and the despatch-case had disappeared. They had one or two drinks up in his room and his theory is that when his back was turned the woman slipped a drug in his glass."

    "Do you mean to say that happened the other day?"said Ashenden wearily.
    "The week before last."

    "Impossible,"cried Ashenden. "Why, we've been putting that incident on the stage for sixty years, we've written it in a thousand novels. Do you mean to say that life has only just caught up with us?"
"Well, I can vouch for the truth of the story." said the Colonel, "And believe me, the government concerned has been put to no end of trouble by the loss of the documents."

    "Well sir, if you can't do better than that in the Secret Service," sighed Ashenden, "that I'm afraid that as a source of inspiration to the writer of fiction, it's washout."

    There is evidence that the usual variety of high blood pressure is,in part,a familiar disease.Since families have similar genes as well as similar environments,familiar diseases could be due to shared genetic influences,to shared environmental factors,or to both.For some years,the role of one environmental factor commonly shared by families,namely dietary salt(i.e.,sodium chloride),has been studied at Brookhaven National Laboratory.These studies suggest that chromic excess salt ingestion can lead to high blood pressure in man and animals.Some individuals,however,and some rats consume large amounts of salt without developing high blood pressure.No matter how strictly all environmental factors were controlled in these experiments,some salt-fed animals never developed hypertension whereas a few rapidly developed very severe hypertension followed by early death.These marked variations were interpreted to result from differences in genetic constitution.

    By mating is successive generations only those animals that failed to develop hypertension from salt ingestion,a resistant strain(the "R" Strain)has been evolved in which consumption of large quantities of salt fails to influence the blood pressure significantly.In contrast,by mating only animals that quickly develop hypertension from salt,a sensitive strain("S" strain)has also been developed.

    The availability of these tow strains permits investgations not heretofore possible.They provide a plausible laboratory model on which to investigate some clinical aspects of the human prototypes of hypertension.More important,there might be the possibility of developing methods by which genetic susceptibility of human beings to high blood pressure can be defined without waiting for its appearance.Radioactive sodium 22 was an important "tool" in working out the characteristics of the sodium chloride metabolism.
  

Error Correction (15 minutes)

Changes in the way people live bring about changes in the
jobs that they do. More and more people live in towns and cities
instead on farms and in villages. Cities and states have to provide --71.
services city people want, such like more police protection, more --72.
hospitals, and more schools. This means that more policemen,
more nurses and technicians, and more teachers must be hired.
Advances in technology has also changed people's lives. --73.
Dishwashers and washing machines do jobs that were once done
by the hand. The widespread use of such electrical appliances --74.
means that there is a need for servicemen to keep it running --75.
properly.
People are earning higher wages and salaries. This leads --76.
changes in the way of life. As income goes down, people may not --77.
want more food to eat or more clothes to wear. But they may
want more and better care from doctors, dentists and hospitals.
They are likely to travel more and to want more education
Nevertheless, many more jobs are available in these services. --78.
The government also affects the kind of works people do. --79.
The governments of most countries spend huge sums of money
for international defense. They hire thousands of engineers, --80.
scientists, clerks, typists and secretaries to work on the many
different aspects of defense.　

答案：

71. (instead) on --- of
72. like --- as
73. has --- have
74. the --- /
75. it --- them
76. leads --- causes
77. down --- up
78. Nevertheless --- Therefore
79. works --- work/job/jobs
80. international --- national

Error Correction (15 minutes)

The key to being a winner is to have desire
and a goal from which you refuse to be deterred (被吓住).
That desire fuels your dreams and the
special goal keeps you focusing. --71.
Deeply down we all have a hope that our --72.
destiny is not to be average and prosaic. Everyone
talks about a good game, but the winner goes out
and do something. To win, there has to be movement --73.
and physical action. Attitudes and persistence can
help us become who we want to be. --74.
Competition is the best motivator. Because --75.
many people use competition as an excuse for not
doing something, those who really want to success --76.
see competition as an opportunity, and they're
willing to do the tough work necessarily to win. --77.
Learn to deal with fear. Fear is the greatest
deterrent to taking risk. People worry so much --78.
about failing that their fear paralyzes them,
drained the energy they might otherwise be using to --79.
grow.
You can cultivate self-respect by developing a
commitment to your own talents. It may be
necessary to do the thing you fear the most in
order to put that fear in rest, so that it can no --80.
longer control you.

答案：

71. focused
72. Deep
73. does
74. what
75. While/Although
76. succeed
77. necessary
78. risks
79. draining
80. to