第一页:解析&例题
第二页:习题答案




固定搭配

名词的固定搭配

固定搭配是六级汉英翻译试题部分考查的重点和难点。考生在复习备考的过程中一定要注意加强积累,才能在考试中熟练地运用。今后每期将有二十到三十个固定搭配,太简单的(比方a few 有些,几个)我就直接无视掉了,每天记住几个就OK了,而且很多我们也学过。这样在考试前我们能掌握近五百个搭配。

名词的固定搭配
a close(narrow) shave 侥幸的脱险
a great/good deal of 大量,非常,及其
a good/good many of 相当多,很多
a multitude of 大量
attempt at 企图,努力
attitude to/towards 态度,看法
correspondence with 通信
dissatisfaction with 不满
exposure to 显露,暴露;曝光
face to face 面对面地
fair play 公平比赛,公平对待
far from 远远不,完全不
influence on 影响
interference in 干涉,介入
interference with 妨碍,打扰
little by little 逐渐地,一点点地
next door 隔壁
no doubt 无疑地,很可能
no less than 不少于,多达
objection to 反对,异议
once for all 一劳永逸地,永远地
once in a while 偶尔
once more/again 再一次
one after another 一个接一个,相继
preference for/to 偏爱,喜爱;优惠;优先
proficiency in 熟练,精通
requirement for/to 需要,需要的东西,要求
the moment(that) 一……就
trolley bus 电车
word for word 逐字地

练习:

1. We need not only be under various external pressures, but also _____________ (也要面对内心的困惑).
2. Would you _______________(愿意来参加我们的晚会)on Friday?

3. After the operation, _____________(他的身体很健康).

4.- Will you be going back home for the Spring Festival?
- ___________(当然啦).

5. ________________(我只发现了几个错误)in your composition.
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1) 分句法

把原文中一个单词或短语译成句子,使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。或干脆把原文的一个句子拆开,译成两个或两个以上的句子。


例1 八月中旬,修理组人员在骄阳下工作。
译文: It was in mid-August,and the repair section operated under the blazing sun.(一个单句拆分成了一个并列复合句)

例2 他为人单纯而坦率。
译文: He was very clean.His mind was open. (一个单句拆分成两个简单句了)

例3 The mother might have spoken with understandable pride of her child.
译文: 母亲谈到她的孩子时,也许有自豪感,这是可以理解的。(形容词被拆开)

例4 I wrote four books in the first three years ,a record never touched before.
译文: 我头三年写了四本书,打破了以往的记录。(名词短语拆开)

2)合句法
把原文中两个或以上的简单句,主从复合句或并列复合句等译成一个单句。

例5 她已试了好几次,要帮他们另找一所出租的房子,结果并未成功。
译文:She had made several attempts to help them find other rental quarters without success.(多个简单句合成一个单句)
例6 他们有遵守交通规则,机器出了故障。
译文:His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.(并列复合句合成一个单句)

例7 When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite.
译文:我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是出于礼貌。(主从复合句合成一个单句)


3) 正译法
就汉译英而言,就是把句子按照与汉语相同的表达方式译成英语。

例1 我们强烈反对公司的新政策。
译文: We strongly object the company’s new policy.

例2 人不可貌相。
译文: We cannot judge a person by his appearance.


4)反译法
就汉译英而言,就是把句子按照与汉语相反的表达方式译成英语。

例3 酒吧间只有五个顾客还没有走。
译文:Only five consumers remained in the bar.
例4 这台机器一点儿也不复杂。
译文:This machine is far from being complicated.

由上可见,正译法和反译法主要体现在汉语里是否使用“不”、“非”、“无”、“没有”、“未”、“否”等字眼,或是在英语里是否使用no, not等词或带有dis- ,im- ,in- ,un- , -less等带否定含义的词缀。读者也可将例1,例2试着用反译法表达出来。结果就是:We strongly disapprove the company’s new policy.和 Appearances are deceptive. 至于两种译法得出的两个译文究竟哪一个更好,就要看译文是否准确规范,简练精辟,是否符合该语言使用者的表达习惯了。


5) 顺序法
顺序法翻译不改变原文表达语序,不会影响对原文内容的理解。

例1 即使在我们关掉床头灯甜甜地进入梦乡时,电仍然为我们工作:开动电冰箱,把水加热,或使室内空调机继续运转。
译文: Even when we turn off the bedside lamp and are fast asleep , electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.

在句子中,句子前半部分是一个让步状语从句,后半句的“开动”,“加热”,“使……运转”都是“电在为我们工作”的具体内容。因而在译文中,译者将这三个并行动作处理成了V-ing 形式,补充说明working的内容。译文按照原句的语序完全传达了原文的意思,采用顺序法翻译,达到了“精确,通顺”的目的。

例2 It was a Saturday evening, when Tom was lying on the bench of the school listening to a blackbird and composing a lyric, that he saw the girls running among the trees, with the red-cheeked Joe in swift pursuit.
译文: 那是周六的傍晚,汤姆正躺在学校的长凳上,一面听画眉鸟唱歌,一面写一首抒情诗,忽然看见女孩子们在树林里奔跑,后面紧跟着那红脸的乔。

原句里一连串出现了一系列的动词如:lying, listening, composing, saw,这是按汤姆进行这些动作的先后顺序来描述的,如果在译文中打乱这些顺序,就反而会显得凌乱,没有逻辑。

6)逆序法
逆序法根据目标语使用者表达习惯与目标语读者的认知能力,按原文语序反向翻译,以便更好地传达原文的内容。

例3 他经常做礼拜的时候,总坐在固定的座位上,可是那天他们发现他不坐在老地方。
请读者比较下面两句译文,你认为哪一句较好?

译文1:When he attended worship, he always took a certain seat, but they found that he took a different one that day.
译文2:They remarked how he took a different seat from that which he usually occupied when he chose to attend worship.

两种译文都忠实传达了原文内容。第一种为顺序翻译,第二种为逆序翻译。第一种显得有些冗长拖沓,且前后简单句主语不一致(前半句主语为he,后半句主语是they),给人表述混乱之感。第二种由于采用了逆序法将原句意思用一个复合句表达出来,内容清晰,结构紧凑。


顺序法和逆序法主要是针对翻译长句而言,六级新题型汉译英题不会涉及此类译法,但作为翻译策略之一,应有所了解。

教你如何做四六级翻译题

[不指定 07/07/28 11:02 | by admin ]
1) 分句法

把原文中一个单词或短语译成句子,使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。或干脆把原文的一个句子拆开,译成两个或两个以上的句子。


例1 八月中旬,修理组人员在骄阳下工作。
译文: It was in mid-August,and the repair section operated under the blazing sun.(一个单句拆分成了一个并列复合句)

例2 他为人单纯而坦率。
译文: He was very clean.His mind was open. (一个单句拆分成两个简单句了)

例3 The mother might have spoken with understandable pride of her child.
译文: 母亲谈到她的孩子时,也许有自豪感,这是可以理解的。(形容词被拆开)

例4 I wrote four books in the first three years ,a record never touched before.
译文: 我头三年写了四本书,打破了以往的记录。(名词短语拆开)

2)合句法
把原文中两个或以上的简单句,主从复合句或并列复合句等译成一个单句。


例5 她已试了好几次,要帮他们另找一所出租的房子,结果并未成功。
译文:She had made several attempts to help them find other rental quarters without success.(多个简单句合成一个单句)
例6 他们有遵守交通规则,机器出了故障。
译文:His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.(并列复合句合成一个单句)

例7 When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite.
译文:我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是出于礼貌。(主从复合句合成一个单句)


3) 正译法
就汉译英而言,就是把句子按照与汉语相同的表达方式译成英语。


例1 我们强烈反对公司的新政策。
译文: We strongly object the company’s new policy.

例2 人不可貌相。
译文: We cannot judge a person by his appearance.


4)反译法
就汉译英而言,就是把句子按照与汉语相反的表达方式译成英语。


例3 酒吧间只有五个顾客还没有走。
译文:Only five consumers remained in the bar.
例4 这台机器一点儿也不复杂。
译文:This machine is far from being complicated.

由上可见,正译法和反译法主要体现在汉语里是否使用“不”、“非”、“无”、“没有”、“未”、“否”等字眼,或是在英语里是否使用no, not等词或带有dis- ,im- ,in- ,un- , -less等带否定含义的词缀。读者也可将例1,例2试着用反译法表达出来。结果就是:We strongly disapprove the company’s new policy.和 Appearances are deceptive. 至于两种译法得出的两个译文究竟哪一个更好,就要看译文是否准确规范,简练精辟,是否符合该语言使用者的表达习惯了。


5) 顺序法
顺序法翻译不改变原文表达语序,不会影响对原文内容的理解。


例1 即使在我们关掉床头灯甜甜地进入梦乡时,电仍然为我们工作:开动电冰箱,把水加热,或使室内空调机继续运转。
译文: Even when we turn off the bedside lamp and are fast asleep , electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.

在句子中,句子前半部分是一个让步状语从句,后半句的“开动”,“加热”,“使……运转”都是“电在为我们工作”的具体内容。因而在译文中,译者将这三个并行动作处理成了V-ing 形式,补充说明working的内容。译文按照原句的语序完全传达了原文的意思,采用顺序法翻译,达到了“精确,通顺”的目的。

例2 It was a Saturday evening, when Tom was lying on the bench of the school listening to a blackbird and composing a lyric, that he saw the girls running among the trees, with the red-cheeked Joe in swift pursuit.
译文: 那是周六的傍晚,汤姆正躺在学校的长凳上,一面听画眉鸟唱歌,一面写一首抒情诗,忽然看见女孩子们在树林里奔跑,后面紧跟着那红脸的乔。

原句里一连串出现了一系列的动词如:lying, listening, composing, saw,这是按汤姆进行这些动作的先后顺序来描述的,如果在译文中打乱这些顺序,就反而会显得凌乱,没有逻辑。

6)逆序法
逆序法根据目标语使用者表达习惯与目标语读者的认知能力,按原文语序反向翻译,以便更好地传达原文的内容。


例3 他经常做礼拜的时候,总坐在固定的座位上,可是那天他们发现他不坐在老地方。
请读者比较下面两句译文,你认为哪一句较好?

译文1:When he attended worship, he always took a certain seat, but they found that he took a different one that day.
译文2:They remarked how he took a different seat from that which he usually occupied when he chose to attend worship.

两种译文都忠实传达了原文内容。第一种为顺序翻译,第二种为逆序翻译。第一种显得有些冗长拖沓,且前后简单句主语不一致(前半句主语为he,后半句主语是they),给人表述混乱之感。第二种由于采用了逆序法将原句意思用一个复合句表达出来,内容清晰,结构紧凑。


顺序法和逆序法主要是针对翻译长句而言,六级新题型汉译英题不会涉及此类译法,但作为翻译策略之一,应有所了解。
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翻译专项测试题[Ⅴ]

[不指定 07/06/19 13:07 | by admin ]
[答案见下页]

1. I have had great deal of trouble______________________________.(跟得上班上的其他同学)

2. I don't mind your_____________(你延期做出决定) the decision as long as it is not too late.

3. In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives_____________(起着不可缺少的作用) in raising children.

4. Mark often____________________________(试图逃脱罚款) whenever he breaks traffic regulations.

5. When I __________________(发现他骗我) I stopped buying thins there and started dealing with another shop.

6. I suggested he ____________________ (使自己适应) his new conditions.

7.  What a lovely party! It's worth_________________( 牢记一生 ).

8.  If you won't agree to our plan,_____________________( 他们也不会同意 ).

9.  His remarks left me ____________________________( 想知道他的真实目的 ).

10.  If you had_____________________ ( 听从了我的劝告,你就不会陷入麻烦)

11. Though you stay in the sea for weeks, you will not____________( 失去联系 ) the outside world.

12. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence,_____________( 正在研制 ) and perfected now.

13. How close parents are to their children_________________ __( 有很强的影响 ) the character of the children.

14. The room is in a terrible mess; it _____________________ (肯定没打扫过) .

15. With tears on her face, the lady _____________________ (看着他受伤的儿子被送进手术室)
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翻译专项测试题[Ⅳ]

[不指定 07/06/19 13:06 | by admin ]
[答案见下页]

1.(这个计划成功的关键) ___________is good planning.

2.The specific use of leisure______(每一人都不同)

3.The ship ' s generator broke down and the pumps____________________( 不得不用手工操作 ) instead of mechanically.

4.Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used______________( 习惯了学生迟到 ) his lecture.

5.I prefer to communicate with my customers ______( 通过写电子邮件而不是打电话)

6.After the terrorist attack, tourists ______ ( 被劝告暂时不要去该国旅游)

7.( 他把自己奉献于社区工作 ) ______ and is passionate about what he is doing.

8.Man should not exploit the natural resources ______ ( 以牺牲其他物种为代价 ).

9.When Sandy recovered from cancer, her doctor ______ ( 把此归因于她对未来的信念 ).

10.At the end of his speech, the school master encouraged the children to work hard ______ ( 不要让父母失望 ).

11.In the budget for this building, they failed to __( 考虑价格增长的因素 ).

12.Only after I slapped him on the back ____( 他才发现我并高兴得叫起来 ).

13.I didn ' t even speak to him, ____( 更不用说与他讨论事情 ).

14.Some young people would rather try hard themselves to go through life than _____( 求助于他们的父母 ) with a sense of guilt.

15.The victim _____( 本来有机会活下来 ) if he had been taken to hospital in time .
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