如何写好主题句


关于写主题句的建议:

1)要写合乎语法的句子

Example 1: Two causes of the American Civil War.
这个句子是个不完整的句子,不合乎语法,因此不能用作主题句。
Example 2: There were two causes that led to the American Civil War.
重写后的句子合乎语法,是个较好的主题句。

2)要使用限写词限定主题

为了正确表达观点,好的主题句经常使用关键词或词组,即限制词(controllers)限制这一观点。
Example 3: Air travel is more convenient than train for at least three reasons.
从上例主题句我们得知作者将要写“air travel”( topic),他将要把 “train”( aspect)和“ air travel”作比较,并且陈述“reasons”。由此可见,作者在“aspect”(方面)和“reason”(原因)两方面限制他的主题。

3)要注意主题的可写性

所定的主题不能太笼统,也不能太具体。
Example 4: In Hemingway's story “Soldier’s Home”,Krebs tells his mother that he wants no part of God's Kingdom.
这个句子太具体以至于无东西可写,无法展开段落。
Example 5: In Hemingway's story “Soldier’s Home”, Kreb is a lonely, cynical veteran.
这个句子可作为主题句,因为可以围绕“lonely,cynical”展开段落。
Example 6: Let me tell you something about overpopulation.
这个句子太笼统,作为一个段落的主题太大,难于驾驭。
Example 7: Why has the world population been increasing sorapidly in the last decades?
这个句子是个较好的主题句,作者用“the reasons for overpopulation in the last decades”,从“原因”(cause)和“时间”(time)两方面限制了主题,能在一个段落内论述。



引用

Exercise 1
Directions: Identify the areas which limit the topic sentences.
1.Soccer has become increasingly popular in the U. S. in the last ten years.
Topic:_____________
Limitations:________________________________________________
2.Pollution has caused three major problems in the last decades.
Topic:______________
Limitations:________________________________________________
3.There are two kinds of memory: short-term and long-term.
Topic:____________
Limitations:________________________________________________
4. Women are playing an increasingly important part in society today.
Topic:____________
Limitations:________________________________________________
5. Women are paid less for equal work than men in some companies.
Topic:____________
Limitations:________________________________________________

Exercise 2
Directions: Write two topic sentences for each of the topics,limiting the topic in different ways.
1. Topic: the study of English
Topic Sentence 1:__________________________________________
Topic Sentence 2:___________________________________________
2.Topic: college students today
Topic Sentence 1:__________________________________________
Topic Sentence 2:__________________________________________
3.Topic: women in China
Topic Sentence 1:__________________________________________
Topic Sentence 2:__________________________________________
4. Topic:crime
Topic Sentence 1:__________________________________________
Topic Sentence 2:__________________________________________

Exercise 3
Directions: Read the following paragraphs and supply the missing topic sentence.
(1)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Iceland’s flag, for instance, stands for features of the land.Red for the fire of Iceland’s volcanoes. White is for ice. Blue is for the mountains. On India’s flag, the blue wheel stands for peace and progress. The white stripe behind it is for truth. The black stripe on the flag of Malawi stands for the Negro people of that African land. The red stripe represents the blood they shed to free themselves from foreign rule.
(2)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The one most people are familiar with is the“desk dictionary”,sometimes refered to as general-purpose dictionary. Another kind is the pronouncing dictionary, which is concerned with a word's pronunciation more than with its meaning. A third type is the bilingual dictionary, which lists the words in one language and attempts to give equivalent meaning in another language. Other types include technical dictionaries, special purpose dictionaries,and scholarly dictionaries
一、默写

1.人们把会使用计算机与人生成功相提并论。

2.在过去的几十年,先进的医疗技术已经使得人们比过去活的时间更长成为可能。

3.事实上,我们必须承认生命的质量和生命本身一样重要。

4.我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。

5.人们相信拥有计算机技术可以获得更多工作或提升的机会。




参考答案:

1. People equate success in life with the ability of operating computer.


2. In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.

3. In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.

4. We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.

5. People believe that computer skills will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.
一、默写

1.考虑到问题的严重性,在事态进一步恶化之前,必须采取有效的措施。
2.大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力,而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。
3.无可争辩,现在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冻的痛苦生活。
4.尽管这一观点被广泛接受,很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。
5.没有人能否认:教育是人生最重要的一方面。



二、试写

1.Gone are the days when.......
中国人可以指望政府提供从出生到死亡的资助的日子已经不复存在了。

2.The days when.......are gone.
一个人可以在夜里安全地走在城市街道上的日子已经过去了。

3........according to......
根据全国人口普查局的数据,中国人口在1955年至1995年期间几乎翻了一番,增加到12亿。

4.A report by......estimates that......
教育部的一份报告估计中国的学生和老师的比例比美国高四倍。

5.Official figures released by......show that......
交通部公布的官方数据表明机动车死亡事故从1995年起已经翻了两番多。



三、必背

1. People equate success in life with the ability of operating computer.
  人们把会使用计算机与人生成功相提并论。
2. In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.
  在过去的几十年,先进的医疗技术已经使得人们比过去活的时间更长成为可能。
3. In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.
  事实上,我们必须承认生命的质量和生命本身一样重要。
4. We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.
  我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。
5. People believe that computer skills will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.
  人们相信拥有计算机技术可以获得更多工作或提升的机会。



参考答案:

1. Gone are the days when Chinese people could expect cradle to death support from the government .
中国人可以指望政府提供从出生到死亡的资助的日子已经不复存在了。


2. The days when one could safely walk city streets at night are gone .
一个人可以在夜里安全地走在城市街道上的日子已经过去了。

3. China's population almost doubled to 1.2 billion people during the 1955-1995 , according to the National Census Bureau .
根据全国人口普查局的数据,中国人口在1955年至1995年期间几乎翻了一番,增加到12亿。

4. A report by the Department of Education estimates that the student-teacher ratio in China is four times higher than in the United States .
教育部的一份报告估计中国的学生和老师的比例比美国高四倍。

5. Official figures released by the Ministry of Transportation show that motor vehicle fatalities have more than tripled since 1995 .
交通部公布的官方数据表明机动车死亡事故从1995年起已经翻了两番多。
一、默写

1.无可否认,空气污染是一个极其严重的问题:城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。
2.一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。
3.一份适当的业余工作并不会占用学生太多的时间,事实上,把全部的时间都用到学习上并不健康,正如那句老话:只工作,不玩耍,聪明的孩子会变傻。
4.任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。
5.当前,一提到即将开始的学校生活,许多学生都会兴高采烈。然而,对多数年轻人来说,校园刚开始的日子并不是什么愉快的经历。



二、试写

1.......accounted for......percent of the total number of ......in......compared with...percent in.......
1990年,全国人民代表大会的妇女代表所占比例不到总人数的2%,1998年大约是12%。

2.......up......percent on the total number for the ...year period between.......
1998年,已经有大约140个大的国有公司宣布破产或被兼并,与1985年到1995年这十年间的总数相比超出75%。

3.......has dropped by ......over the past few years, but nonetheless remains at one of the highest levels for.......
在过去的几年中,中国的文盲率下降了约60%,但仍是发展中国家中较高的。

4......annual rise in......between 1995-1997 has been followed by .......during......and the trend is expected to continue indefinitely.
1995年到1997年,出口率持续稳定增长之后,1998年,价格稳步下跌,预计这一趋势会无限期地持续下去。

5.It is essential to examine every angle in order to fully understand the nature of a perplexing problem.
(前面的比较难,这个就直接抄写吧,凡是前四个句型只有写出一个的,这个句子就算奖励!)
为了全面理解一个复杂问题的本质,必须从每个角度进行考查。



三、必背

1. In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.
考虑到问题的严重性,在事态进一步恶化之前,必须采取有效的措施。
2. The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.
大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力,而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。
3.It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.
无可争辩,现在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冻的痛苦生活。
4. Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.
尽管这一观点被广泛接受,很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。
5.No one can deny the fact that a person's education is the most important aspect of his life.
没有人能否认:教育是人生最重要的一方面。



参考答案:

1. Women accounted for less than two percent of the total number of deputies to the National People's Congress in 1990 , compared with almost 12 percent in 1998 .
1990年,全国人民代表大会的妇女代表所占比例不到总人数的2%,1998年大约是12%。


2. Some 140 major state-owned companies have either declared bankruptcy or entered into mergers during 1998 , up a whopping 75 percent on the total number for the 10-year period between 1985-1995 .
1998年,已经有大约140个大的国有公司宣布破产或被兼并,与1985年到1995年这十年间的总数相比超出75%。

3. China's illiteracy rate has dropped by some 60 percent over the past few years , but nonetheless remains at one of the highest levels for any developing nation .
在过去的几年中,中国的文盲率下降了约60%,但仍是发展中国家中较高的。

4. The steady three-year annual rise in the export rate between 1995-1997 has been followed by steadily failling prices during 1998 and the trend is expected to continue indefinitely .
1995年到1997年,出口率持续稳定增长之后,1998年,价格稳步下跌,预计这一趋势会无限期地持续下去。
一、默写

1.说到教育,大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。

2.许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。

3.应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量,努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。

4.越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而,越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法,他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题,像犯罪和卖淫。

5.许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少,以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车,而车上可能已满载乘客。



二、试写

1.We must engage in thorough discussions in order to gain a better sence of the most appropriate and effective way to ......
我们必须进行充分的讨论,以便更好地理解继续实施计划最合适和有效的途径。
2.We must develop a foolproof argument in order to effectively illustrate......
为了有力地证明贯彻严格的环境保护措施的紧迫性,我们必须进行简单明了的论证。

3.A comparative analysis of the positive and negative aspects of ......will perhaps provide us with a better sense of the eventual impact of ......
三峡工程利弊的对比分析可能会使我们更清楚地认识这一庞大的治水工程的最终影响。

4.......provides only a partial explanation for ......Perhaps the most significant factors center on......
不能和谐相处只是不断升高的离婚率的部分原因。最重要的因素可能是某一方的陋习和不成熟,以及仅仅因为缺乏共同的东西。

5.The success of ......is directly related to......
一个公司的成功与它的管理人员的能力直接相关。



三、必背

1. There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.
无可否认,空气污染是一个极其严重的问题:城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。

2. An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.
一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。

3. A proper part-time job does not occupy students' too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
一份适当的业余工作并不会占用学生太多的时间,事实上,把全部的时间都用到学习上并不健康,正如那句老话:只工作,不玩耍,聪明的孩子会变傻。

4. Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.
任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。

5.Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.
当前,一提到即将开始的学校生活,许多学生都会兴高采烈。然而,对多数年轻人来说,校园刚开始的日子并不是什么愉快的经历。



参考答案:

1. We must engage in thorough discussions in order to gain a better sence of the most appropriate and effective way to proceed with the project .
我们必须进行充分的讨论,以便更好地理解继续实施计划最合适和有效的途径。


2. We must develop a foolproof argument in order to effectively illustrate the urgency of implement stringent environmental protection measures .
为了有力地证明贯彻严格的环境保护措施的紧迫性,我们必须进行简单明了的论证。

3. A comparative analysis of the positive and negative aspects of the Three Gorges Project will perhaps provide us with a better sense of the eventual impact of the massive water control program .
三峡工程利弊的对比分析可能会使我们更清楚地认识这一庞大的治水工程的最终影响。

4. Incompatibility provides only a partial explanation for the rising divorce rate . Perhaps the most significant factors center on abuse , the immaturity of one spouse or the other , and quite simply the lack of things in common .
不能和谐相处只是不断升高的离婚率的部分原因。最重要的因素可能是某一方的陋习和不成熟,以及仅仅因为缺乏共同的东西。

5. The success of a company is directly related to the competency of its managers .
一个公司的成功与它的管理人员的能力直接相关。
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