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<![CDATA[英语六级考试网(CET6)]]> http://www.cet6.net/index.php zh-cn http://www.cet6.net/post/1068/ <![CDATA[2010年12月英语六级快速阅读训练（5）]]> admin <dlmuck@gmail.com> Mon, 06 Sep 2010 00:37:56 +0000 http://www.cet6.net/post/1068/

　　Like most parents, geologist Brain Atwater worries about his daughter's safety. But these days, he has an unusual concern; The public school she___1___ in Seattle has unreinforced brick walls, a ___2___being easy to collapse during earthquakes. The same___3___of walls crushed hundreds of thousands of people during the 1976 Tangshan quake in China.
　　A decade ago, Atwater would have paid little notice to schoolroom walls. But over the last several years, he and other scientists have found ___4___signs that the Pacific Northwest has experienced giant quakes in the distant past and that the area may be headed for a destructive shock in the near future.
　　At a meeting of the American Geophysical Union in December, researchers discussed the___5___uncovered evidence of quake potential in the Pacific Northwest. While some remain unconvinced that huge earthquakes—with magnitudes of 8 or higher—do indeed___6___this region, a growing number consider such shocks a serious possibility.
　　What's worrisome, they say, is that northwestern cities such as Portland, Seattle and Vancouver have not prepared for earthquakes of this magnitude, which could shake the region's ___7___centers with enough force to make the recent San Francisco area damage seem ___8___ in comparison.
　　"I think it's quite true to say that nothing has really been designed with one of these earthquakes in mind," says seismologist Paul Somerville of Woodward. At the meeting, Somerville and his colleagues ___9___estimates of the degree of shaking. Portland and Seattle would suffer during such a ___10___earthquake.

　　A. massive B. recently C. construction D. displayed
　　E. relatively F. attends G. type H. strike
　　I. structure J. participates K. excessive L. mild
　　M. disturbing N. population 0. presented
【答案见下页】
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Tags - 2010年12月 , 英语六级 , 快速阅读 , 训练 ]]> http://www.cet6.net/post/1066/ <![CDATA[2010年12月英语六级快速阅读训练（4）]]> admin <dlmuck@gmail.com> Thu, 02 Sep 2010 23:50:19 +0000 http://www.cet6.net/post/1066/
　　A. eventually B. averaged C. gradually D. state
　　E. valued F. form G. declined H. occasional
　　I. casual J. argued K. descended L. complained
　　M. clock N. available O. illustrating
【答案见下页】
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Tags - 2010年12月 , 英语六级 , 快速阅读 , 训练 ]]> http://www.cet6.net/post/1065/ <![CDATA[2010年12月英语六级快速阅读训练（3）]]> admin <dlmuck@gmail.com> Thu, 02 Sep 2010 01:04:22 +0000 http://www.cet6.net/post/1065/ Etiquette (礼仪)

　　The origins of etiquette—the conventional rules of behavior and ceremonies observed in polite society—are complex. One of them is respect for authority. From the most primitive times, subjects(臣民) showed respect for their ruler by bowing, prostrating themselves on the ground, not speaking until spoken to, and never turning their backs to the throne. Some rulers developed rules to stress even further the respect due to them. The emperors of Byzantium expected their subjects to kiss their feet. When an ambassador from abroad was introduced, he had to touch the ground before the throne with his forehead. Meanwhile the throne itself was raised in the air so that, on looking up, the ambassador saw the ruler far above him, haughty and remote.
　　Absolute rulers have, as a rule, made etiquette more complicated rather than simpler. The purpose is not only to make the ruler seem almost godlike, but also to protect him from familiarity, for without some such protection his life, lived inevitably in the public eye, would be intolerable. The court of Louis XIV of France provided an excellent example of a very highly developed system of etiquette. Because the king and his family were considered to belong to France, they were almost continually on show among their courtiers (朝臣). They woke, prayed, washed and dressed before crowds of courtiers. Even large crowds watched them eat their meals, and access to their palace was free to all their subjects.
　　Yet this public life was organized so carefully, with such a refinement of ceremonial, that the authority of the King and the respect in which he was held grew steadily throughout his lifetime. A crowd watched him dress, but only the Duke who was his first valet de chamber (贴身男仆) was allowed to hold out the right sleeve of his shirt, only the Prince who was his Grand Chamberlain could relieve him of his dressing gown, and only the Master of the Wardrobe might help him pull up his trousers. These were not familiarities, nor merely duties, but highly desired privileges. Napoleon recognized the value of ceremony to a ruler. When he became Emperor, he discarded the revolutionary custom of calling everyone "citizen", restored much of the Court ceremonial that the Revolution had destroyed, and recalled members of the nobility to instruct his new court in the old formal manners.
　　Rules of etiquette may prevent embarrassment and even serious disputes. The general rule of social precedence is that people of greater importance precede those of lesser importance. Before the rules of diplomatic precedence were worked out in the early sixteenth century, rival ambassadors often fought for the most honourable seating position at a ceremony. Before the principle was established that ambassadors of various countries should sign treaties in order of seniority, disputes arose as to who should sign first. The establishment of rules for such matters prevented uncertainty and disagreement, as to rules for less important occasions. For example, at an English wedding, the mother of the bridegroom should sit in the first pew or bench on the right-hand side of the church. The result is dignity and order.
　　Outside palace circles, the main concern of etiquette has been to make harmonious the behaviour of equals, but sometimes social classes have used etiquette as a weapon against intruders, refining their manners in order to mark themselves off from the lower classes.
　　In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, decreasing prosperity and increasing social unrest led the ruling families to try to preserve their superiority by withdrawing from the lower and middle classes behind barriers of etiquette. In a prosperous community, on the other hand, polite society soon absorbs the newly rich, and in England there has never been any shortage of books on etiquette for teaching them the manners appropriate to their new way of life.
　　Every code of etiquette has contained three elements: basic moral duties; practical rules which promote efficiency; and artificial, optional graces such as formal compliments to, say, women on their beauty or superiors on their generosity and importance.
　　In the first category are consideration for the weak and respect for age. Among the ancient Egyptians the young always stood in the presence of older people. Among the Mponguwe of Tanzania, the young men bow as they pass the huts of the elders. In England, until about a century ago, young children did not sit in their parents' presence without asking permission.
　　Practical rules are helpful in such ordinary occurrences of social life as making proper introductions at parties or other functions so that people can be brought to know each other. Before the invention of the fork, etiquette directed that the fingers should be kept as clean as possible; before the handkerchief came into common use, etiquette suggested that, after spitting, a person should rub the spit inconspicuously (难以察觉的) underfoot.
　　Extremely refined behavior, however, cultivated as an art of gracious living, has been characteristic only of societies with wealth and leisure, which admitted women as the social equals of men. After the fall of Rome, the first European society to regulate behavior in private life in accordance with a complicated code of etiquette was twelfth-century Provence, in France.
　　Provence had become wealthy. The lords had returned to their castles from the crusades (十字军东征) , and there the ideals of chivalry (武士制度) grew up, which emphasized the virtue and gentleness of women and demanded that a knight (骑士) should profess a pure and dedicated love to a lady who would be his inspiration, and to whom he would dedicate his brave deeds, though he would never come physically close to her. This was the introduction of the concept of romantic love, which was to influence literature for many hundreds of years and which still lives on in a belittled form in simple popular songs and cheap novels today.
　　In Renaissance Italy too, in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, a wealthy and leisured society developed an extremely complex code of manners, but the rules of behavior of fashionable society had little influence on the daily life of the lower classes. Indeed many of the rules, such as how to enter a banquet room, or how to use a sword or handkerchief for ceremonial purposes, were irrelevant to the way of life of the average working man, who spent most of his life outdoors or in his own poor hut and most probably did not have a handkerchief, certainly not a sword, to his name.
　　Yet the essential basis of all good manners does not vary. Consideration for the old and weak and the avoidance of harming or giving unnecessary offence to others is a feature of all societies everywhere and at all levels from the highest to the lowest. You can easily think of dozens of examples of customs and habits in your own daily life which come under this heading.

　　1. Etiquette simply serves the purpose of showing respect for authority.
　　2. Louis XIV of France made etiquette very complicated to avoid familiarity.
　　3. People of all societies and social ranks observe the good manners of consideration for the weak and respect for age.
　　4. Napoleon discarded aristocratic privileges when he became Emperor of France.
　　5. Etiquette has been used to distinguish people from different classes.
　　6. In Europe, the newly rich have added new ingredients to etiquette while they are learning to behave appropriately for a new way of life.
　　7. After the sixteenth century, fights between ambassadors over precedence were a common occurrence.
　　8. Extremely refined behaviour had ______ on the life of the working class.
　　9. Basic moral duties are one of the_______of every code of etiquette.
　　10. According to the passage, the concept of romantic love was introduced in_______.
【答案见下页】
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Tags - 2010年12月 , 英语六级 , 快速阅读 , 训练 ]]> http://www.cet6.net/post/1064/ <![CDATA[2010年12月英语六级快速阅读训练（2）]]> admin <dlmuck@gmail.com> Wed, 01 Sep 2010 00:02:41 +0000 http://www.cet6.net/post/1064/
　　Customs also differ from country to country. Does a man walk on the left or the right of a woman in your country? Or doesn't it 14 ? What about table manners? Should you use both hands when you are eating? Should you leave one in your lap, or on the table?

　　The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also 15 a large number of social customs. For example, in both America and England people shake hands when they meet each other for the first time. Also, most Englishmen will open a door for a woman or offer their seat to a woman, and so will most Americans. 16 is important both in England and in America. That is, if a dinner invitation is for 7 o'clock, the dinner guest either arrives 17 to that time or calls up to explain his 18.

　　The important thing to remember about social customs is not to do anything that might make other people feel uncomfortable— 19 if they are your guests. There is an old story about a man who gave a formal dinner party. When the food was served, one of the guests started to eat his peas with a knife. The other guests were amused or shocked, but the 20 calmly picked up his knife and began eating in the same way.

　　A. especially B. attainable C. close D. delay
　　E. considered F. host G. delivery H. Preparation
　　I. share J. fool K. specifically L. acceptable
　　M. matter N. Promptness 0. care
【答案见下页】
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Tags - 2010年12月 , 英语六级 , 快速阅读 , 训练 ]]> http://www.cet6.net/post/1063/ <![CDATA[2010年12月英语六级快速阅读训练（1）]]> admin <dlmuck@gmail.com> Tue, 31 Aug 2010 01:58:47 +0000 http://www.cet6.net/post/1063/ Informing the World

　　Every day, the news of the world is relayed to people by over 300 million copies of daily papers, over 400 million radio sets, and over 150 million television sets. Additional news is shown by motion pictures, in theatres and cinemas all over the world. As more people learn what the important events of the day are, fewer are still concerned exclusively with the events of their own household. As the English writer John Donne put it nearly four hundred years ago, "no man is an island. " This idea is more appropriate today than it was when Donne lived. In short, wherever he lives, a man belongs to some society; and we are becoming more and more aware that whatever happens in one particular society affects, somehow, the life and destiny of all humanity.
　　Newspapers have been published in the modern world for about four hundred years. Most of the newspapers printed today are read in Europe and North America. However, soon they may be read in all parts of the world, thanks to the new inventions that are changing the techniques of newspaper publishing.
　　Electronics and automation have made it possible to produce pictures and text far more quickly than before. Photographic reproduction eliminates the need for type and printing presses. And fewer specialists, such as type-setters, are needed to produce a paper or magazine by the photo-offset (照相平板胶印) method. Therefore, the publishing of newspapers and magazines becomes more economical. Furthermore, photo-copies can be sent over great distances now by means of television channels and satellites such as Telstar. Thus, pictures can be brought to the public more quickly than previously.
　　Machines that prepare printed texts for photo-copies are being used a great deal today. Thousands of letters and figures of different sizes and thicknesses can now be arranged on a black glass disc that is only eight inches in diameter, to be printed in negative form(white on a black background). The disc on the machine turns constantly at the rate of ten revolutions a second. A beam of light from a slroboscopic (频闪的) lamp shines on the desired letters and figures for about I wo-millionths of a second. Then the image of the letters and figures that were illuminated is projected onto a film through lenses. The section of film is large enough to hold the equivalent of a page of text. There is a keyboard in front of the machine that is similar to the keyboard of a typewriter, and the machine operator has only to strike the proper keys for the image of the corresponding letters to be immediately transferred to the film. The negative image on the film can quickly be transferred onto paper. This method makes it as easy to reproduce photographs and illustrations as it is to reproduce the text itself.
　　Film, being light and small, can be sent rapidly to other places and used to print copies of the text where they are needed. Film images can also be projected easily on a movie or television screen. Television broadcasts are limited to an area that is within sight of the sending station or its relay ( 中继 ). Although television relays are often placed on hills and mountains so that they can cover a wider region, they still can not cover more land than one could see from the same hilltop on a clear day. However, the rays also go out into the atmosphere, and if there is a relay station on a satellite that revolves around the earth, it can transmit the pictures to any point on the earth from which the satellite is visible. Three satellites permanently revolving over the equator transmit any television program to any part of the earth. This makes it possible for world editions of newspapers to give the news in all countries at the same time. Some day it may be possible for a subscriber to a televised newspaper to press a button and see a newspaper page on his television screen. He could also decide when he wants the page to turn, and, by dialling different numbers such as those on a telephone dial, he could choose the language or the edition of the paper he wants to read. It seems strange to think that, even today, methods of the past are not entirely useless. For example, sometimes press agencies that use radio and Telstar use carrier pigeons to send messages between offices in large cities because the pigeons are not bothered by traffic problems.
　　It may be some time before television sets become common in the average homes in Africa and Asia. However, radio is already rapidly becoming accessible to thousands of people in these areas. And, now that good radios are being made with transistors, and their price is gradually dropping because of mass production, it may not be" too long before radios become commonplace in areas which have no newspapers. Transistors make it possible for people to carry small radios wherever they go, without need of electric current. Even television sets are now operating on transistors, and the pocket TV may soon be as widespread
　　as the pocket radio.
　　Now that scientific progress is making it possible to send the news to all the
　　inhabitants of the earth, it will be important to consider what news is going to be sent to them. No matter what criteria are used in making the decision, a decision must be made, since no one would' have time to read or listen to an account of everything there is going on in the world!
　　People who have time to read several papers can already compare different reports of the same event. When an event has political significance, each paper reports it from the point of view of its own political beliefs or preferences. Ideally, of course, the expression of editorial opinion should be limited to the editorial page, and the news articles should be objective—telling the facts as completely as possible, without trying to give them a particular interpretation, or without otherwise trying to influence the reader's opinion. However, reporters and editors are only human, and if they have strong political beliefs it is almost impossible for them to hide them. If editors believe their point of view is best for the readers of their paper, what's to stop them from using the paper to try to influence public opinion? And if, some day, a world newspaper becomes a reality, will it be the most powerful press agencies that will choose the news to be sent out to all countries?

　　1. The expression "no man is an island" means that no man lives surrounded by water.

　　2. According to the author, it may not be long before people all over the world have access to newspapers.

　　3. The transferring of newspaper texts to film is time-consuming and costly.

　　4. Transistors are particularly useful because they are used in small radio and TV sets.

　　5. Television relays are often placed on a hilltop so that they can reach a satellite.

　　6. People are capable of knowing all the events going on in every part of the world.

　　7. If a world newspaper becomes a reality, it will take more responsibility for informing all the readers of the latest news in the world.

　　8. Newspapers have been published for about______.

　　9. Any television program could be transmitted to any part of the world by______.

　　10. It is ideal that the news articles______.
【答案见下页】
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Tags - 2010年12月 , 英语六级 , 快速阅读 , 训练 ]]> http://www.cet6.net/post/1058/ <![CDATA[2010年6月英语六级仔细阅读详解]]> admin <dlmuck@gmail.com> Mon, 19 Jul 2010 01:54:11 +0000 http://www.cet6.net/post/1058/

本篇来自于Time Magazine（时代周刊）2009年7月2日题为A Brief History of Black Boxes（黑匣子的历史）文章，原文略有删减。原文参见：http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1908245,00.html

文章首段阐述了飞机上的黑匣子的功能，即记录飞机的飞行状况。第二段是对首段的实例说明。第三段按时间顺序描述了黑匣子的发展历程，请关注三个时间：1958， 1960和1965。最后一段说明改进后的现代黑匣子既有语音记录的功能，又能记录飞行数据。

原题：57.What does the author say about the black box?
A) It ensures the normal functioning of an airplane.
B)The idea for its design comes from a comic book.
C) Its ability to ward off disasters is incredible.
D) It is an indispensable device on an airplane.

答案：57 D It is an indispensable device on an airplane
原文中的Their ability to withstand almost any disaster makes them seem like something out of a comic book.可能是误导学生选择C的原因。withstand意为“经受，承受”，而C中的ward off 则为“避开，挡住”之意。本句句意为：飞机失事后，黑箱子往往能完好无损，躲过灾难，这简直令人难以置信（就像漫画书中的东西一样）

原题：58.What information could be found from the black box on the Yemeni airliner?
A) Data for analyzing the cause of the crash.
B) The total number of passengers on board.
C) The scene of the crash and extent of the damage.
D) Homing signals sent by the pilot before the crash.
答案：58 A Data for analyzing the cause of the crash
原文定位为第二段最后一句：“the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy in which 152 passengers were killed.” cause of a tragedy与选项中的cause of the crash一致。

原题：59. Why was the black box redesigned in 1965?
A) New materials become available by that time.
B) Too much space was needed for its installation.
C) The early models didn’t provide the needed data.
D) The early models often got damaged in the crash
答案：59 D The early models often got damaged in the crash
原文定位于第三段“Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the device was completely redesigned....” failed to withstand crashes与选项中的got damaged in the crash同义。

原题：60. Why did the Federal Aviation Authority require the black boxes be painted orange or yellow?
A) To distinguish them from the color of the plane.
B) To caution people to handle them with care.
C) To make them easily identifiable.
D)To conform to international standards.
答案：　60 C To make them easily identifiable
原文定位于第三段最后一句…be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility. to aid visibility意为“有助于提高能见度”，与easily identifiable同义。

原题：61.What do we know about the black boxes from Air France Flight 447?
A)There is still a good chance of their being recovered.
B)There is an urgent need for them to be restructured.
C)They have stopped sending homing signals.
D)They were destroyed somewhere near Brazil.
答案：　61 A There is still a good chance of their being recovered
原文定位于最后一段…but statistics say they’re still likely to turn up. Turn up 与recovered 同义，“被找到”。be restructured 意为“被重建”。

精细阅读PASSAGE two

本篇来自于Time Magazine（时代周刊）2009年7月8日题为Yes, I Suck: Self-Help Through Negative Thinking（是的，我糟透了：消极思维益于自助）文章，原文略有删减。原文参见：http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1909019,00.html

文章题目中的I suck可能会令考生困惑，意为“很烂”、“很差”、“糟透了”。Suck 一词在英语口语中使用频率很高，在英语电影中经常听到。文章首段第一句提出自助的理论基础是变消极思维为积极思维，但之后的连续两个问句让读者对此论述提出了质疑。第二段阐述了加拿大科学家的研究结果，即积极思维的效果适得其反。3-5段分别用两个实验论证了这一研究结果的正确性：90年代的作文案例（第三段）和68名学生的自我肯定案例（第三、四段）。作者在最后一段推荐了一种新的心理疗法：静思法。

原题：62.What do we learn from the first paragraph about the self-help industry?
A)It is a highly profitable industry.
B)It is based on the concept of positive thinking.
C)It was established by Norman Vincent Peale.
D)It has yielded positive results.
答案：62. B It is based on the concept of positive thinking
原文定位于首段第一句“The $ 11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like “I never do anything right”into positive ones like “I can succeed.”属于细节理解题。选项中的based on与文中的built on同义。

原题：63.What is the finding of the Canadian researchers?
A)Encouraging positive thinking may do more harm than good.
B)There can be no simple therapy for psychological problems.
C)Unhappy people cannot think positively.
D)The power of positive thinking is limited.
答案：63. A Encouraging positive thinking may do more harm than good
原文定位为第二段：“Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have opposite effect;”之后，作者在下一段又再次强调了这一观点“older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse , not better.” cause of a tragedy与选项中的cause of the crash一致。抓住关键词“opposite effect；feel worse , not better”，答案即可一目了然。

原题：64.What does the author mean by“…you’re just underlining his faults”（Line4,Para.3）？
A)You are not taking his mistakes seriously enough.
B)You are pointing out the errors he has committed.
C)You are emphasizing the fact that he is not intelligent.
D)You are trying to make him feel better about his faults.
答案：64. C You are emphasizing the fact that he is not intelligent
与答案较为相近的是选项B。本题关键是正确理解文章中两个单词“underline（加强，强调）”与“dim（迟钝的，愚笨的）”。选项B中的point out是“指出”之意，与文章中的underlining意思不符。

原题：65.What do we learn from the experiment of Wood,Lee and Perunovic?
A)It is important for people to continually boost their self-esteem.
B)Self-affirmation can bring a positive change to one’s mood.
C)Forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their self-esteem.
D)People with low self-esteem seldom write down their true feelings.
答案：　65. B Forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their self-esteem
原文定位于第五段Those with low self-esteem didn’t feel better after the forced self-affirmation. In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren’t urged to think positive thoughts。抓住关键词“didn’t feel better；darker”。

原题：66.What do we learn from the last paragraph?
A) The effects of positive thinking vary from person to person.
B) Meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy.
C) Different people tend to have different ways of thinking.
D) People can avoid making mistakes through meditation.
答案：66. B Meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy　
原文定位于最后一段。作者在最后一段提出了新的心理疗法，建议人们接受消极思维，而不要一味用积极思维去反抗。In contrast这一短语的应用，说明meditation是积极思维的对立面，即消极思维的一种方式。只有把自己的不足放到更广泛、更现实的层面去思考，才会大事化小，小事化了。选项D中的内容文中并未提及。

Tags - 2010年6月 , 英语六级 , 仔细阅读 , 详解 ]]> http://www.cet6.net/post/1031/ <![CDATA[2010年6月英语六级阅读专项训练（20）]]> admin <dlmuck@gmail.com> Thu, 27 May 2010 00:52:52 +0000 http://www.cet6.net/post/1031/
　　The newspaper must provide for the reader the facts, unalloyed, unslanted, objectively selected facts. But in these days of complex news it must provide more; it must supply interpretation, the meaning of the facts. This is the most important assignment confronting American journalism—to make clear to the reader the problems of the day, to make international news as understandable as community news, to recognize that there is no longer any such thing (with the possible exception of such scribbling as society and club news) as “local” news, because any event in the international area has a local reaction in manpower draft, in economic strain, in terms, indeed, of our very way of life.
　　There is in journalism a widespread view that when you embark on interpretation, you are entering choppy and dangerous waters, the swirling tides of opinion. This is nonsense.
　　The opponents of interpretation insist that the writer and the editor shall confine himself to the “facts”. This insistence raises two questions: What are the facts? And: Are the bare facts enough?
　　As to the first query. Consider how a so-called “factual” story cones about. The reporter collects, say, fifty facts; out of these fifty, his space allotment being necessarily restricted, he selects the ten, which he considers most important. This is Judgment Number One. Then he or his editor decides which of these ten facts shall constitute the lead of the piece (This is important decision because many readers do not proceed beyond the first paragraph.) This is Judgment Number Two. Then the night editor determines whether the article shall be presented on page one, where it has a large impact, or on page twenty-four, where it has little. Judgment Number Three.
　　Thus, in the presentation of a so-called “factual” or “objective” story, at least three judgments are involved. And they are judgments not at all unlike those involved in interpretation, in which reporter and editor, calling upon their general background, and their “news neutralism,” arrive at a conclusion as to the significance of the news.
　　The two areas of judgment, presentation of the news and its interpretation, are both objective rather then subjective processes—as objective, that is, as any human being can be. (Note in passing: even though complete objectivity can never be achieved, nevertheless the ideal must always be the beacon on the murky news channels.) Of an editor is intent on slanting the news, he can do it in other ways and more effectively than by interpretation. He can do it by the selection of those facts that prop up his particular plea. Or he can do it by the pay he gives a story—promoting it to page one or demoting it to page thirty.
　　1. The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is
　　[A]. Interpreting the News. [B]. Choosing Facts.
　　[C]. Subjective versus Objective Processes. [D]. Everything Counts.
　　2. Why does the writer of an article select ten out of 50 available facts?
　　[A]. Space is limited. [B]. His editor is prejudiced.
　　[C]. The subject is not important. [D]. He is entering choppy and dangerous.
　　3. What is the least effective way of “slanting” news/
　　[A]. Interpretation. [B]. His editor is prejudiced.
　　[C]. Placement. [D]. Concentration.
　　4. Why should the lead sentence present the most important fact?
　　[A]. It will influence the reader to continue.
　　[B]. It will be the best way to write.
　　[C]. Some readers do not read beyond the first paragraph.
　　[D]. It will gratify the editor.　　
　　【答案见下页】
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Tags - 2010年6月 , 英语六级 , 阅读 , 训练 ]]> http://www.cet6.net/post/1030/ <![CDATA[2010年6月英语六级阅读专项训练（19）]]> admin <dlmuck@gmail.com> Tue, 25 May 2010 23:49:21 +0000 http://www.cet6.net/post/1030/
　　A Polish proverb claims that fish, to taste right, should three times—in water, in butter and in wine. The early efforts of the basic scientists in the food industry were directed at improving the preparation, preservation, and distribution of safe and nutritious food. Our memories of certain foodstuffs eaten during the World War II suggest that, although these might have been safe and nutritious, they certainly did not taste right nor were they particularly appetizing in appearance or smell. This neglect of the sensory appeal of foods is happily becoming a thing of the past. Bow, in the book “Principles of Sensory Evaluation of Food,” the authors hope that it will be useful to food technologists in industry and also to others engaged in research into problem of sensory evaluation of foods. An attempt has clearly been make to collect every possible piece of information, which might be useful, more than one thousand five hundred references being quoted. As a result, the book seems at first sight to be an exhaustive and critically useful review of the literature. This it certainly is, but this is by no means is its only achievement, for there are many suggestions for further lines of research, and the discursive passages are crisply provocative of new ideas and new ways of looking at established findings.
　　Of particular interest is the weight given to the psychological aspects of perception, both objectively and subjectively. The relation between stimuli and perception is well covered, and includes a valuable discussion of the uses and disadvantages of the Weber fraction of differences. It is interesting to find that in spite of many attempts to separate and define the modalities of taste, nothing better has been achieved than the familiar classification into sweet, sour salty and bitter. Nor is there as yet any clear-cut evidence of the physiological nature of the taste stimulus. With regard to smell, systems of classification are of little value because of the extraordinary sensitivity of the nose and because the response to the stimulus is so subjective. The authors suggest that a classification based on the size, shape and electronic status of the molecule involved merits further investigation, as does the theoretical proposition that weak physical binding of the stimulant molecule to he receptor site is a necessary part of the mechanism of stimulation.
　　Apart from taste and smell, there are many other components of perception of the sensations from food in the mouth. The basic modalities of pain, cold, warmth and touch, together with vibration sense, discrimination and localization may all play a part, as, of course, does auditory reception of bone-conducted vibratory stimuli from the teeth when eating crisp or crunchy foods. In this connection the authors rightly point out that this type of stimulus requires much more investigation, suggesting that a start might be made by using subjects afflicted with various forms of deafness. It is well-known that extraneous noise may alter discrimination, and the attention of the authors is directed to the work of Prof. H. J. Eysenck on the “stimulus hunger” of extroverts and the “stimulus avoidance” of introverts.

　　1. The reviewer uses a Polish proverb at the beginning of the article in order to
　　[A]. introduce, in an interesting manner, the discussion of food.
　　[B]. show the connection between food and nationality of food.
　　[C]. indicate that there are various ways to prepare food.
　　[D]. impress upon the reader the food value of fish.
　　2. The reviewers appraisal of “Principles of Sensory Evaluation of Food” is one of
　　[A]. mixed feelings. [B]. indifference
　　[C]. high praise. [D]. faint praise.
　　3. The writer of the article does not express the view, either directly or by implication, that
　　[A]. sharply defined classifications of taste are needed.
　　[B]. more research should be done regarding the molecular constituency of food.
　　[C]. food values are objectively determined by an expert “smeller”.
　　[D]. temperature is an important factor in the value of food.
　　4. The authors of the book suggest the use of deaf subject because
　　[A]. deaf people are generally introversive.
　　[B]. the auditory sense is an important factor in food evaluation.
　　[C]. they are more fastidious in their choice of foods.
　　[D]. All types of subjects should be used.
　　【答案见下页】
............

Tags - 2010年6月 , 英语六级 , 阅读 , 训练 ]]> http://www.cet6.net/post/1038/ <![CDATA[2010年6月英语六级阅读理解常见问题]]> admin <dlmuck@gmail.com> Tue, 25 May 2010 15:23:35 +0000 http://www.cet6.net/post/1038/ 词汇和语义理解题

　　词汇和语义理解题对词汇理解的考查是阅读测试的一个重要方面。词汇题往往要求对文章中的某个单词、短语甚至句子等找出近义词或最合适的解释。这类题需要考生拥有较大的词汇量。这类试题主要测试考生利用上下文猜测生词词义的能力或确定常用词汇在特定语境中确切含义的能力。
　　生词可以大致分为两种类型：一类是单词本身并不复杂,重要的是要求考生能够在特定的语境中判断出该词的含义,这类词一般是多义词;另外一类则为纯粹的生词,对于这类词汇,考生应该从词性及其在句子中所起的语法作用确定生词所处的语境,用整个句子所具有的意思来分析词义,确定生词与上下文中的其他词是否具有同义、近义或反义等关系。

　　1. 词汇和语义理解题常见提问形式
　　The author uses the phrase “...” to illustrate...
　　From the passage, we can infer that the word “...” is...
　　What does the word “...” mean in this passage?
　　What do we know about the author's house from “...” ?
　　Which of the following does the word “...” in line...refers to?
　　Which of the following is closest in meaning to the sentence “...”?

　　2. 词汇和语义理解题命题规律
　　(1) 含有指示代词的句中,常考查词汇或短语。
　　(2) 具体环境中,具有指代上下文语义功能的词汇，尤其是名词,常成为考查对象。
　　(3) 常考一词多义的常见词及词组。有些词一词多义,要求考生能通过阅读理解该词的确切含义。平时积累生词时,一定要掌握在大纲规定范围内的所有词义，这样考试才会胸有成竹。
　　(4) 对比处常考这类题目考查考生能否从有对比含义的上下文中猜测出某个单词的含义。
　　(5) 复杂句常考复杂句句子结构复杂,句子之间的指代关系复杂,主要考查考生的理解能力。

　　3. 词汇和语义理解题答题技巧
　　考生拥有比较大的词汇量和一定的构词知识,这自然有助于理解短文意义和解答词汇理解类型题目。但由于测试文章题材广泛,体裁多样,并且同一单词在不同的语境中或上下文中有不同的含义,考生在测试时必然会遇到一些生词或熟词的生僻词义。因此掌握正确的猜测方法有助于考生正确地解答词汇理解类型题。确定词汇在文章中的准确含义,取决于对其所在的上下文的正确理解,并在理解的基础上推测词义。
　　一般常见的方法如下:
　　(1) 利用上下文与该词逻辑和意义上的联系
　　The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after revolution he was banished. A few members of the Senate opposed the decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country forever.
　　从上下文中我们知道第二句中的the decision指的就是he was banished,少数人反对这个决定，多数人支持这个决定：国王必须永远离开这个国家。由此我们可以推测banish为“驱逐,流放”之意。
　　(2) 利用文章中的定义或者解释
　　Procrastinators are people who have a chronic habit of putting things off, usually until the last minute and sometimes until it is too late altogether.
　　这句话实际上是给procrastinators下了一个定义,从中我们可以猜测其意义是“拖延者，拖拖拉拉的人”。
　　(3) 利用对比关系
　　所谓对比关系,就是利用相邻两句(或者两个分句)结构上或意义上的对比来猜测词义。
　　In spite of his aged appearance, his movements were spirited as a young man’s. 短语in spite of连接让步状语,对主句的意思起反衬作用,使前后两部分形成意义上的对比。根据对比可以推知spirited意为“有精神的,朝气蓬勃的”。
　　(4) 利用同位关系
　　在一个句子中,有时两个或者两个以上的词构成同位关系,起同样的作用,意义大体相近或具有一定的联系。这种同位关系有时通过破折号表示,有时通过一定的解释性提示词表示。如:particularly, mainly, chiefly, such as, say, for example, or, namely, in other words, that is to say等。
　　Have some sherries—the most distinguished wine from Spain.
　　通过破折号后面的意义,我们可以得知sherries是一种西班牙产的酒。
　　(5) 利用定语从句
　　有时在某些生词或者重要的词后面,作者使用定语从句来进一步解释说明,考生可以通过理解定语从句的意义来猜测该词的意义。
　　This set of book is for children. The first book of the sequence, which is one of the most popular series of children's stories, is actually a collection of stories about the people in the village.
　　定语从句说明了sequence的含义是a series of books。
　　(6) 利用举例
　　某些词的意思也可通过such as, like, for example, for instance等举例加以说明。
　　如: Many ships leave land and disappear completely; the US Cyclops, for example, vanished in 1918.
　　由for example可知vanish与disappear是同义词,意思是“消失，失踪”。
　　(7) 利用同义信息和反义信息这是推断生词最重要的手段。
　　作者常用意义相同或相近的词来解释某词,有时也用表示原因的短语或句子,或在意义上可以互补的词来解释说明某词。
　　如: It is difficult to list all of my father's attributes because he has so many different talents and abilities.
　　从原因状语从句中的talents和abilities可以猜测出attributes意为“才能”。
　　通过反义词和转折词,如but, yet, however, instead, rather than, on the contrary等往往也可以猜出生词的词义。
　　如: Storming out of the room only exacerbates the situation rather than ease it.
　　rather than是表示否定意义的并列词语,由此可知exacerbate是ease的反义词,故可以猜出exacerbate的意思是“加剧”或“恶化”。
　　(8) 利用类属词
　　英语中有些词指某类事物的总称,这些词称为类属词。
　　如resources为资源的总称,其中包括oil, silver, water等。这实际上是一般和具体的关系。阅读时应注意发现词语之间的这种关系,以便猜出某些词的意义。
　　如: Household appliances, especially TV sets, washing machines and tape recorders, are selling well these days.
　　电视机、洗衣机和录音机均属电器,因此可以推出household appliances的意思是“家用电器”。
　　(9) 利用构词法
　　通过构词法,如前缀和后缀也可推测词义。
　　如: Antibiotics such as penicillin will not cure the flu.
　　前缀anti-表示“反，抗”的意思,又根据penicillin(青霉素)一词,可推断antibiotics的意思是“抗生素”。
　　观点态度题
　　观点态度题通常作者的观点或态度往往会在文章的措辞、文体和结构中得以反映。他们大都采取比较客观(objective)和实事求是(factual)的态度,其写作意图是向读者提供信息(information)。但有时会在文章中表现出一些个人的感情色彩,或批评(critical),或讽刺(ironic),或感叹(impressed)。
　　要做对这类题,必须正确理解作者真正的观点,同时还要正确地推断作者的语气、态度,弄清作者写这篇文章的目的,作者的态度是肯定还是否定,以及文中的事实论据是否支持作者的论点等。同时还必须体会作者的用词和其他修饰手段,例如比喻和讽刺。在读文章的时候要注意表示作者态度的一些词语,比如sure, satisfaction, magnanimous,还有一些带有消极意义的词,比如ruffled, stingy等。
　　常见的提问方式有:
　　What is the author’s opinion?
　　How does the author feel about...?
　　Which of the following can best describe the style of the passage?
............

Tags - 2010年6月 , 英语六级 , 阅读理解 , 常见 ]]> http://www.cet6.net/post/1018/ <![CDATA[2010年6月英语六级阅读专项训练（18）]]> admin <dlmuck@gmail.com> Tue, 11 May 2010 00:59:39 +0000 http://www.cet6.net/post/1018/ 　　In the irradiation plant, food is exposed to thin rods of cobalt 60. The rods give off gamma rays, which disrupt chemical processes in contaminating organisms. The disruption breaks down the cell walls of organisms or destroys their genetic material. The dose, set by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), is enough to kill organisms on food, but not enough to produce significant changes in the food itself.
　　Although irradiation slightly decreases the nutritive value of foods, the loss is less than that produced by some other methods of food preservation. Canning, for example, results in a much greater loss of nutrients.
　　Those who object to irradiation say that the process may create substances not found in nonirradiated food. Since the 1960’s researchers have studied irradiated food at microscopic levels to try to find such substances, called unique radiolytic products. After reviewing these studies, the FDA determined that compounds formed during irradiation are similar to substance found in nonirradiated foods and are not dangerous to consume.
　　Destruction of microorganisms that cause illness is an important goal of irradiation. About 250 million cases of food poisoning or 1 per person—occur every year in the U.S., according to FDA estimates. Food poisoning can cause vomiting, diarrhea, fever, headache—and, occasionally, death.
　　Because of the apparent safety of food irradiation, and the problems presented by contaminated food, scientific groups—including the American Medical Association, the World Health Organization, and the United Nations food and Agriculture Association—have voiced nearly universal support for the process. Worldwide, 38 nations have approved irradiation for 355 products.
　　Like microwave ovens, food irradiation has aroused apprehension and misunderstanding. Yet it has been scrutinized more thoroughly than other methods of food treatment that we have come to regard as safe, and it appears to be a method whose time has come.

　　1.Cobalt 60, besides irradiating food, is also employed to ___.
　　A.detect metallic flaws
　　B.run a nuclear reactor
　　C.cure cancer patients
　　D.strengthen concrete walls
　　2.Gamma rays used to irradiate food ___.
　　A.are generally not strong enough to destroy contaminating organisms
　　B.do not bring about significant changes in the food itself
　　C.may destroy some of the nutrients in the food
　　D.should be submitted to FDA for approval
　　3.Irradiated food ___.
　　A.certainly loses its nutritive value
　　B.maintains its nutritive value no different from the nonirradiated
　　C.keeps its nutritive value better than canned food
　　D.is recommended as the best of all preserved foods
　　4.With cases of food poisoning increasing, ___.
　　A.food irradiation should be carried out with care
　　B.it is more urgent to irradiate foods
　　C.medical researches into treatment of the diseased should be strengthened
　　D.Americans are beginning to accept food irradiation
　　5.The passage may be taken from ___.
　　A.a news report
　　B.a textbook of food processing
　　C.a book of popular science
　　D.a manual of food irradiation
【答案见下页】
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Tags - 2010年6月 , 英语六级 , 阅读 , 训练 ]]>