英语四六级高分应试技巧
[
07/06/21 10:31 | by admin ]
07/06/21 10:31 | by admin ]
对大多数考生来说，从头复习语法、背诵单词已是“远水解不了近渴”。不过掌握一些应试技巧还是有必要的，有些看似不起眼的小细节，往往会决定考试成败。我们就聚焦考生最易失分的听力、翻译和作文，分别请专家、过来人传授一些小技巧：
听力：四种类型 “对症下药”
听力的提问方式最常见的有4种类型。
1) 中心思想题，这类问题主要是测试文章的主题思想。 提问方式有：What is the main idea of the passage? What can we learn from this passage? What is the best title for this passage? What is the passage mainly about? What is the speaker talking about? 等等。
做这一类题时一定要注意集中精力听好短文的开头，因为四级听力短文一般会开门见山，把中心思想置于文章的开头。另外，如果文中反复出现同一词汇或同一类词汇，同样也值得我们特别注意，因为包含有这类词汇的选项能较好地体现中心思想。
2) 事实细节题，所考察的细节包括具体时间、地点、主要人物或事件、各种数字等，问题一般为wh-question的形式。
这类题要求我们听到文中出现时间、数字时一定要特别敏感，及时做好笔记；另外，文中一旦出现以因果连词(如because, so, due to等)和转折连词(如but, however, though等)引导的句子也要格外留心，这些地方往往就是考点。
3) 对错判断题，这类题常用以下提问方式：Which of the following is true/not true,according to the passage? Which of the following is not mentioned? 等等。
听到这类题时，一定要听清提问，对于有没有not一词要弄清楚。一般情况下，not一词会重读。
4) 推理推测题，这类题需要对文中的信息进行分析推断，才能作出正确的选择。提问方式有：What can you infer from the passage? What does the speaker think about the problem? What is the speaker most concerned about? How does the writer feel about? 等等。
做这类题时一定要注意：与短文内容一样的答案,不是推断，而且一定要根据短文的观点而不是根据自己的观点来推断。
英译汉：掌握原则 按部就班
英译汉首先要掌握四个原则：
一) 翻译时既要忠实于原文，又要符合汉语的习惯。
二) 翻译不可太拘泥，否则很容易因死守原文语言形式而损害了原文的思想内容，好的译文应该是形式与内容的统一。
三) 能够直译的尽量不意译。
四) 翻译的过程应该是先理解后表达。
具体如下：首先，英文段落的首句一般为topic sentence，然后展开说明。展开的写法有多种，可下定义，同义重复等。利用这一技巧，先通读全文，便能更好理解文章的意思，把握段与段之间的关系，在翻译时就能在上下文中确定词义，从而准确地翻译。
正确理解原文后，还要通过适当的翻译技巧用规范的汉语表达出来。这些技巧有：
(1)增词法: 根据需要增加一些词语，如名词等。
(2)减词法: 根据汉语习惯，删去一些词。
(3)肯否表达法: 原文为肯定句，译成汉语是为增强修饰效果，可以译为否定句。反之亦然。
(4)变换法: 名词译成动词或动词转译成名词等。
(5)分合法: 一个长句可分成若干部分来译，或者把原文的几个简单句用一个句子表达出来。
(6)省略法：两种语言由于存在差异，表达时不可能总是对等，经常省略一些词和句子成分，如英语中的冠词译为汉语时可以省略。
最后一定要核对译文是否准确、通顺，还要注意关键词的得分点。
写作：借助阅读 善打草稿
写作文时要放松情绪，消除恐惧感。 试卷一、二(作文在试卷二)同时发下来，应在做完听力部分后，迅速地看一下作文题，让其在大脑中留有一席之地，这样便于在做词汇、阅读题时随时发现写作中可借用的词汇、例子、句型等相关内容，而不至于在写作时，大脑一片空白，无从下手。
一定要认真审题，弄清文章及各段主题，实现由提纲到主题句的转换。可以先打个草稿：摆事实，理清思路，从易于表达、论证丰富的观点入手，不局限于一种看法、一种表达法或一种句式。
具体写作时最好分段来写，各段之间空二至三行，以利于随时增减或删改。而且字迹要工整，卷面要保持清洁，给判卷人一个好印象。写完后仔细检查作文中用词、句法方面有无不准确的地方；句式有无变化；句与句之间，段与段之间有无合适的连接及过渡等 。
希望这些技巧对备考07年大学英语 四六级考试的考生有所帮助，加油.
------转自爱词霸网
听力：四种类型 “对症下药”
听力的提问方式最常见的有4种类型。
1) 中心思想题，这类问题主要是测试文章的主题思想。 提问方式有：What is the main idea of the passage? What can we learn from this passage? What is the best title for this passage? What is the passage mainly about? What is the speaker talking about? 等等。
做这一类题时一定要注意集中精力听好短文的开头，因为四级听力短文一般会开门见山，把中心思想置于文章的开头。另外，如果文中反复出现同一词汇或同一类词汇，同样也值得我们特别注意，因为包含有这类词汇的选项能较好地体现中心思想。
2) 事实细节题，所考察的细节包括具体时间、地点、主要人物或事件、各种数字等，问题一般为wh-question的形式。
这类题要求我们听到文中出现时间、数字时一定要特别敏感，及时做好笔记；另外，文中一旦出现以因果连词(如because, so, due to等)和转折连词(如but, however, though等)引导的句子也要格外留心，这些地方往往就是考点。
3) 对错判断题，这类题常用以下提问方式：Which of the following is true/not true,according to the passage? Which of the following is not mentioned? 等等。
听到这类题时，一定要听清提问，对于有没有not一词要弄清楚。一般情况下，not一词会重读。
4) 推理推测题，这类题需要对文中的信息进行分析推断，才能作出正确的选择。提问方式有：What can you infer from the passage? What does the speaker think about the problem? What is the speaker most concerned about? How does the writer feel about? 等等。
做这类题时一定要注意：与短文内容一样的答案,不是推断，而且一定要根据短文的观点而不是根据自己的观点来推断。
英译汉：掌握原则 按部就班
英译汉首先要掌握四个原则：
一) 翻译时既要忠实于原文，又要符合汉语的习惯。
二) 翻译不可太拘泥，否则很容易因死守原文语言形式而损害了原文的思想内容，好的译文应该是形式与内容的统一。
三) 能够直译的尽量不意译。
四) 翻译的过程应该是先理解后表达。
具体如下：首先，英文段落的首句一般为topic sentence，然后展开说明。展开的写法有多种，可下定义，同义重复等。利用这一技巧，先通读全文，便能更好理解文章的意思，把握段与段之间的关系，在翻译时就能在上下文中确定词义，从而准确地翻译。
正确理解原文后，还要通过适当的翻译技巧用规范的汉语表达出来。这些技巧有：
(1)增词法: 根据需要增加一些词语，如名词等。
(2)减词法: 根据汉语习惯，删去一些词。
(3)肯否表达法: 原文为肯定句，译成汉语是为增强修饰效果，可以译为否定句。反之亦然。
(4)变换法: 名词译成动词或动词转译成名词等。
(5)分合法: 一个长句可分成若干部分来译，或者把原文的几个简单句用一个句子表达出来。
(6)省略法：两种语言由于存在差异，表达时不可能总是对等，经常省略一些词和句子成分，如英语中的冠词译为汉语时可以省略。
最后一定要核对译文是否准确、通顺，还要注意关键词的得分点。
写作：借助阅读 善打草稿
写作文时要放松情绪，消除恐惧感。 试卷一、二(作文在试卷二)同时发下来，应在做完听力部分后，迅速地看一下作文题，让其在大脑中留有一席之地，这样便于在做词汇、阅读题时随时发现写作中可借用的词汇、例子、句型等相关内容，而不至于在写作时，大脑一片空白，无从下手。
一定要认真审题，弄清文章及各段主题，实现由提纲到主题句的转换。可以先打个草稿：摆事实，理清思路，从易于表达、论证丰富的观点入手，不局限于一种看法、一种表达法或一种句式。
具体写作时最好分段来写，各段之间空二至三行，以利于随时增减或删改。而且字迹要工整，卷面要保持清洁，给判卷人一个好印象。写完后仔细检查作文中用词、句法方面有无不准确的地方；句式有无变化；句与句之间，段与段之间有无合适的连接及过渡等 。
希望这些技巧对备考07年大学英语 四六级考试的考生有所帮助，加油.
------转自爱词霸网
英语六级备考四大攻略
[
07/06/17 09:01 | by admin ]
07/06/17 09:01 | by admin ]
一、关于听力
在新六级听力考试中，除了传统题型短对话，短文理解，复合式听写外，有一个新题型值得大家关注：长对话。在2006年12月的新六级考试中出现了2段长对话，第一段男女之间的对话有8个轮次，后面设置了4个问题；第二段有7轮，后面设置了3个问题。从考试的情况来看，难度适中，大多数坚持听力练习的同学都能很好的适应。但相对于短对话而言，长对话信息量大大增加，如何根据选项推断出听力的内容及可能要问的问题，以及如何在纷繁复杂的对话中保持清醒的头脑，不被干扰信息所迷惑，确实也给不少同学带来了一定的难度。下面我想通过分析刚刚考过的新六级长对话来帮助大家理一下此题型的答题思路：
我希望同学们在做长对话时能先看一看后面的问题，对对话的话题以及后面将要问的问题能有一个合理的推断。什么叫合理的推断？我喜欢把推断的过程比喻成侦探破案，要善于抓住蛛丝马迹，有时可以借助逆向思维来理清自己的思路。比如第一段长对话，你能告诉我后面的4个问题是什么吗？你肯定会跟我说：除非你是命题人，否则你是不可能事先知道4道要问的问题的。我说我不是命题人，但仍然通过分析选项，按照正常人的逻辑判断出后面4道所要问的问题：
19、 A) He picked up some apples in his yard。
B) He cut some branches off the apple tree。
C) He quarreled with his neighbor over the fence。
D) He cleaned up all the garbage in the woman’s yard。
这里四个表述都在讲一个男的做了某件事情，似乎没什么头绪，先看下面的题目
20、 A) Trim the apple trees in her yard。
B) Pick up the apples that fell in her yard。
C) Take the garbage to curb for her。
D) Remove the branches from her yard。
这题应该是在说一个女的让某个人做一件事情，除了看见了有两个apple，似乎还是没有啥头绪，唉，看得头都大了，还是一无所获，有这工夫还不如啃两个苹果呢。别急，好戏在后头：
21、 A) File a lawsuit against the man
B) Ask the man for compensation。
C) Have the man’ apple tree cut down
D) Throw garbage into the man’ yard
这几个选项似乎都不大“友好”啊，你看看，又是起诉，又是要求赔偿，还要扔垃圾，我心里暗想这个老兄麻烦可大了哦。但再一想：这个女的为什么要这样呢？按照“正常人”的思路，那一定是这个男的做错了什么事她才会要求赔偿或者起诉什么的吧，而且估计是两人协商不好才会这样的。我于是在脑子里把事件再整理一下，发现思路越来越清晰了：那个男士做错了某件事影响到这个女士了，于是她就让他弥补过失，可是他不肯。不肯怎么办？这个女士就狠了：你选择吧，1我上法院起诉你2赔偿我3我把你苹果树给砍了4我把垃圾扔到你的院子里。呵呵，不好意思，开个玩笑啊。估计这哥们对这个女士的“威胁”应该有个回应吧。
我这一想不要紧，发现后面四道题果然能和我的想法对上号啊：19题应该问这个男的干了什么事；20题估计是这个女的要男的弥补他的过失；21题那应该是这位老兄不肯，女的就放狠话咯。最“可怕”的是，我连这个男的要回应女士的威胁这一点都想到了，不正好是22题嘛。暗自惊喜，恨不得马上把命题人叫到自己身边：小样，拽什么拽，我也能命题了。既然这个男的做了错事，影响了这个女士，那我们看看19题，A)C)肯定排除咯， 对于A)自己在自己家院子里拾苹果碍着谁了？至于D)他把这个女士院子里的垃圾清理了，她感谢还来不及呢，怎么会还要起诉他什么的。所以在没听听力前，我们就能将目光锁定在B)C)两项了，根据听力原文中的内容：I was calling about the apple tree that you were trimming yesterday。显然选B)。这里选项中的cut some branches off the apple tree就对应着trim the apple tree。另外一点大家要注意：分析了这篇长对话的答案与原文，发现答案项都是原文意思的同义替换，也就是说一定要真正听懂了意思才能做对题，想靠听到的只言片语就选出答案几乎是不可能的事。所以大家平时要加强听力理解的训练，练好听力真功夫，这样才能在考场上沉着应对。
20、选D)remove the branches对应着原文的some of the larger branches fell over into my yard， and I think you should come and get them。
21、选A)File a lawsuit against the man对应着原文的：Get the branches off my property or I’ll have to sue you。
22、选 C)He was not intimidated对应原文的：Yeah？ For what？ You’re taking those law classes too seriously! I’ll gotta go， I have to pick up my son。以及最后的：Yeah， yeah。 See you in court Jane。显然这位老兄是满不在乎的。而且4个选项中出现了2个相反的选项：C)He was not intimidated和D)He was a bit concerned。根据逻辑，如果选项中出现两个相反项，则正确答案必在二者之间。
第二个长对话就请同学自己分析了，这里不再讨论了。
综上，在备考新六级听力时，大家每天一定要保持一定量的听力训练，最好能进行听写练习。一句话，只有平时扎扎实实打好听力的基本功，才有可能在这项得高分。考试嘛，实力永远是第一位的，任何技巧都建立在实力的基础上。
在新六级听力考试中，除了传统题型短对话，短文理解，复合式听写外，有一个新题型值得大家关注：长对话。在2006年12月的新六级考试中出现了2段长对话，第一段男女之间的对话有8个轮次，后面设置了4个问题；第二段有7轮，后面设置了3个问题。从考试的情况来看，难度适中，大多数坚持听力练习的同学都能很好的适应。但相对于短对话而言，长对话信息量大大增加，如何根据选项推断出听力的内容及可能要问的问题，以及如何在纷繁复杂的对话中保持清醒的头脑，不被干扰信息所迷惑，确实也给不少同学带来了一定的难度。下面我想通过分析刚刚考过的新六级长对话来帮助大家理一下此题型的答题思路：
我希望同学们在做长对话时能先看一看后面的问题，对对话的话题以及后面将要问的问题能有一个合理的推断。什么叫合理的推断？我喜欢把推断的过程比喻成侦探破案，要善于抓住蛛丝马迹，有时可以借助逆向思维来理清自己的思路。比如第一段长对话，你能告诉我后面的4个问题是什么吗？你肯定会跟我说：除非你是命题人，否则你是不可能事先知道4道要问的问题的。我说我不是命题人，但仍然通过分析选项，按照正常人的逻辑判断出后面4道所要问的问题：
19、 A) He picked up some apples in his yard。
B) He cut some branches off the apple tree。
C) He quarreled with his neighbor over the fence。
D) He cleaned up all the garbage in the woman’s yard。
这里四个表述都在讲一个男的做了某件事情，似乎没什么头绪，先看下面的题目
20、 A) Trim the apple trees in her yard。
B) Pick up the apples that fell in her yard。
C) Take the garbage to curb for her。
D) Remove the branches from her yard。
这题应该是在说一个女的让某个人做一件事情，除了看见了有两个apple，似乎还是没有啥头绪，唉，看得头都大了，还是一无所获，有这工夫还不如啃两个苹果呢。别急，好戏在后头：
21、 A) File a lawsuit against the man
B) Ask the man for compensation。
C) Have the man’ apple tree cut down
D) Throw garbage into the man’ yard
这几个选项似乎都不大“友好”啊，你看看，又是起诉，又是要求赔偿，还要扔垃圾，我心里暗想这个老兄麻烦可大了哦。但再一想：这个女的为什么要这样呢？按照“正常人”的思路，那一定是这个男的做错了什么事她才会要求赔偿或者起诉什么的吧，而且估计是两人协商不好才会这样的。我于是在脑子里把事件再整理一下，发现思路越来越清晰了：那个男士做错了某件事影响到这个女士了，于是她就让他弥补过失，可是他不肯。不肯怎么办？这个女士就狠了：你选择吧，1我上法院起诉你2赔偿我3我把你苹果树给砍了4我把垃圾扔到你的院子里。呵呵，不好意思，开个玩笑啊。估计这哥们对这个女士的“威胁”应该有个回应吧。
我这一想不要紧，发现后面四道题果然能和我的想法对上号啊：19题应该问这个男的干了什么事；20题估计是这个女的要男的弥补他的过失；21题那应该是这位老兄不肯，女的就放狠话咯。最“可怕”的是，我连这个男的要回应女士的威胁这一点都想到了，不正好是22题嘛。暗自惊喜，恨不得马上把命题人叫到自己身边：小样，拽什么拽，我也能命题了。既然这个男的做了错事，影响了这个女士，那我们看看19题，A)C)肯定排除咯， 对于A)自己在自己家院子里拾苹果碍着谁了？至于D)他把这个女士院子里的垃圾清理了，她感谢还来不及呢，怎么会还要起诉他什么的。所以在没听听力前，我们就能将目光锁定在B)C)两项了，根据听力原文中的内容：I was calling about the apple tree that you were trimming yesterday。显然选B)。这里选项中的cut some branches off the apple tree就对应着trim the apple tree。另外一点大家要注意：分析了这篇长对话的答案与原文，发现答案项都是原文意思的同义替换，也就是说一定要真正听懂了意思才能做对题，想靠听到的只言片语就选出答案几乎是不可能的事。所以大家平时要加强听力理解的训练，练好听力真功夫，这样才能在考场上沉着应对。
20、选D)remove the branches对应着原文的some of the larger branches fell over into my yard， and I think you should come and get them。
21、选A)File a lawsuit against the man对应着原文的：Get the branches off my property or I’ll have to sue you。
22、选 C)He was not intimidated对应原文的：Yeah？ For what？ You’re taking those law classes too seriously! I’ll gotta go， I have to pick up my son。以及最后的：Yeah， yeah。 See you in court Jane。显然这位老兄是满不在乎的。而且4个选项中出现了2个相反的选项：C)He was not intimidated和D)He was a bit concerned。根据逻辑，如果选项中出现两个相反项，则正确答案必在二者之间。
第二个长对话就请同学自己分析了，这里不再讨论了。
综上，在备考新六级听力时，大家每天一定要保持一定量的听力训练，最好能进行听写练习。一句话，只有平时扎扎实实打好听力的基本功，才有可能在这项得高分。考试嘛，实力永远是第一位的，任何技巧都建立在实力的基础上。
英语六级改错题冲刺攻略【七注意】
[ 07/06/14 21:54 | by admin ]
07/06/14 21:54 | by admin ]
1. 并列结构。
这主要是指由and或or连接的几个并列成分在形式上必须保持一致.这一考点在历年六级改错中出现频率相当高,同学们要给予相当的重视.
(1) At the heart of the NEA survey is the belief in(改成that,同位语从句)our democratic system depends on leaders who can think critically, analyze texts and writing clearly.(07年1月新六级改错第6题)这里的writing显然与think和analyze并列,因此应该用同样的形式,所以应该改成write.
(2) Their experiments have shown that reading disorders are most likely the result of what is, in an effect(去掉an,固定介词搭配)，faulty wiring in the brain-----not lazy, stupidity or a poor home environment .( 06年6月六级改错第4题)这里的lazy应该与stupidity和a poor home environment并列,因此该用名词形式laziness.
(3) Restrict yourself to one or two pages, and listing any publications or referees on a separate sheet.(06年1月六级改错第7题)通过and将restrict和listing联系起来表示并列关系,所以listing应该用原形list.
(4) How do you know how to act in a classroom,
or a department store, or toward a person who
smiles or laugh at you?(04年6月六级改错第9题)
这里的smiles和laugh肯定应该用同样的形式,而前面的
a person又提示我们该使用第三人称单数,所以将laugh改成laughs.
(5)Most experts believe this can continue even as
if(去掉as,这里的even if表示即使)the population doubles by the mid-21st century, although feeding
10 billion people will not be easy for politics,
economic and environmental reasons.(04年1月六级改错第6题)同样,这里的politics应该改成political和
economic, environmental并列。
（6）Elsewhere, rice experts in the Philippines are
producing a plant with few stems and more seeds.
(04年1月六级改错第9题)few应该与more形成对应,所以应改成比较级形式fewer.
2．A--A型错误。
所谓A--A型错误,就是指六级改错命题经常将形容词(adjective)与副词(adverb)混淆.这时我们的任务就是将文中的形容词换成它的副词形式,或将副词换成形容词：
(1)Science should not only be“fun”in the same way
as playing a video game, but “hard fun”----a deep
feeling of connection made possibly only by
imaginative engagement.(07年1月老六级改错第10题)我们都知道make sth possible, possible做为宾语补足语，那用被动语态就是sth be made possible,所以这里的possibly应该改成possible.
(2)Mass literacy is a relative new social goal.(06年6月六级改错第九题)显然这里表示“相对地”意思,因此要将relative改成它的副词形式relatively.注意:relative改成relatively不是第一次出现了，在04年1月的改错题中也出现过。
(3)A good CV is your passport to an interview and,
ultimate, to the job you want.(06年1月六级改错第二题) ultimate在两个逗号之间，肯定得用副词形式ultimately.
(4)She says efforts are continuing to complete end
the disease.(05年1月六级改错第三题)complete要改成副词形式completely修饰动词end。
(5)The WHO has given multi-drug therapy to patients
freely for the last five years.(05年1月六级改错第九题)可以看出这里freely想表示“免费的”意思,所以应该改成形容词形式free.
(5)Culture is essentially to our humanness.(04年6月六级改错第8题)be essential to是一个固定搭配,表示“对...
很重要”,所以essentially应该换成形容词essential.
(6)Except for relative-isolated trouble spots like pres-
ent-day Somalia…(04年1月第三题)显然应该用副词relatively来修饰动词过去分词isolated,表示“相对隔绝的”。
注意:A--A题错误有一种变体题型A—N.所谓A—N题型,
就是指A(adjective)与N(noun)之间的混淆,举例如下：
(1)Now what started in schools across the country is
playing itself out on a nation stage and is possibly
having an impact on the reading habits of the Ameri-
can public.(07年1月新六级第十题)“在国内舞台”应该是on a national stage,在这里名词nation要改成它的形容词形式national。
(2)Understanding the original of the negative attit-
udes towards science may help us to modify them.
(07年1月老六级第四题)表示“起源”显然要用名词形式
origin,这里用形容词original是错误的。
这主要是指由and或or连接的几个并列成分在形式上必须保持一致.这一考点在历年六级改错中出现频率相当高,同学们要给予相当的重视.
(1) At the heart of the NEA survey is the belief in(改成that,同位语从句)our democratic system depends on leaders who can think critically, analyze texts and writing clearly.(07年1月新六级改错第6题)这里的writing显然与think和analyze并列,因此应该用同样的形式,所以应该改成write.
(2) Their experiments have shown that reading disorders are most likely the result of what is, in an effect(去掉an,固定介词搭配)，faulty wiring in the brain-----not lazy, stupidity or a poor home environment .( 06年6月六级改错第4题)这里的lazy应该与stupidity和a poor home environment并列,因此该用名词形式laziness.
(3) Restrict yourself to one or two pages, and listing any publications or referees on a separate sheet.(06年1月六级改错第7题)通过and将restrict和listing联系起来表示并列关系,所以listing应该用原形list.
(4) How do you know how to act in a classroom,
or a department store, or toward a person who
smiles or laugh at you?(04年6月六级改错第9题)
这里的smiles和laugh肯定应该用同样的形式,而前面的
a person又提示我们该使用第三人称单数,所以将laugh改成laughs.
(5)Most experts believe this can continue even as
if(去掉as,这里的even if表示即使)the population doubles by the mid-21st century, although feeding
10 billion people will not be easy for politics,
economic and environmental reasons.(04年1月六级改错第6题)同样,这里的politics应该改成political和
economic, environmental并列。
（6）Elsewhere, rice experts in the Philippines are
producing a plant with few stems and more seeds.
(04年1月六级改错第9题)few应该与more形成对应,所以应改成比较级形式fewer.
2．A--A型错误。
所谓A--A型错误,就是指六级改错命题经常将形容词(adjective)与副词(adverb)混淆.这时我们的任务就是将文中的形容词换成它的副词形式,或将副词换成形容词：
(1)Science should not only be“fun”in the same way
as playing a video game, but “hard fun”----a deep
feeling of connection made possibly only by
imaginative engagement.(07年1月老六级改错第10题)我们都知道make sth possible, possible做为宾语补足语，那用被动语态就是sth be made possible,所以这里的possibly应该改成possible.
(2)Mass literacy is a relative new social goal.(06年6月六级改错第九题)显然这里表示“相对地”意思,因此要将relative改成它的副词形式relatively.注意:relative改成relatively不是第一次出现了，在04年1月的改错题中也出现过。
(3)A good CV is your passport to an interview and,
ultimate, to the job you want.(06年1月六级改错第二题) ultimate在两个逗号之间，肯定得用副词形式ultimately.
(4)She says efforts are continuing to complete end
the disease.(05年1月六级改错第三题)complete要改成副词形式completely修饰动词end。
(5)The WHO has given multi-drug therapy to patients
freely for the last five years.(05年1月六级改错第九题)可以看出这里freely想表示“免费的”意思,所以应该改成形容词形式free.
(5)Culture is essentially to our humanness.(04年6月六级改错第8题)be essential to是一个固定搭配,表示“对...
很重要”,所以essentially应该换成形容词essential.
(6)Except for relative-isolated trouble spots like pres-
ent-day Somalia…(04年1月第三题)显然应该用副词relatively来修饰动词过去分词isolated,表示“相对隔绝的”。
注意:A--A题错误有一种变体题型A—N.所谓A—N题型,
就是指A(adjective)与N(noun)之间的混淆,举例如下：
(1)Now what started in schools across the country is
playing itself out on a nation stage and is possibly
having an impact on the reading habits of the Ameri-
can public.(07年1月新六级第十题)“在国内舞台”应该是on a national stage,在这里名词nation要改成它的形容词形式national。
(2)Understanding the original of the negative attit-
udes towards science may help us to modify them.
(07年1月老六级第四题)表示“起源”显然要用名词形式
origin,这里用形容词original是错误的。
写作
四六级考前必看写作句型与过渡词语【开篇句】
1) With the rapid improvement in.../growing awareness of..., more and more.../sth....
(e.g. With the considerable improvement in building industry, more and more structures are being erected to set the people's minds at ease.)
2) Recently, sth./the problem of...has been brought to popular attention/ has become the focus of public concern. A
(e.g. Recently, the problem of unemployment has been brought to such popular attention that governments at all levels place it on the agenda as the first matter.)
3) One of the universal issues we are faced with/that cause increasing concern is that...
(e.g. One of the universal issues that draw (cause) growing concern is whether it is wise of man to have invented the automobile.)
4) In the past few years, there has been a boom/sharp growth/decline in.. .
(e.g. In the past ten years, there has been a sharp decline in the number of species.)
5) Nowadays, more/most important/dangerous for our society is...
(e.g. Nowadays, most dangerous for our society is the tendency to take advantage of each other in political circles.)
6) According to the information given in the table/graph, we can find that...
7) As can be seen from the table/graph/figure, there is a marked increase /decline/favorable (an unfavorable) change in...
8) As we can see from the table/graph/figure above, drastic/considerable/ great changes have taken place in...over the period of time from...(年份)to...( 年份)
9) The table/graph shows that there is a(n) declining/increasing trend of ...from...(年份) to...(年份)
10) Anyone who takes a closer look at the data in the table/graph can be surprised to find that...
11) It is a traditional practice to...in our society.
(e.g. It is a traditional practice for young people to be financially dependent on their parents for anything like marriage and housing.)
12) It has long been considered only right and proper to...(in China.)
(e.g. It has long been considered only right and proper/perfectly justified for the old to assume full responsibility for the growth of the young.)
13) As things usually go against sb.'s will, his original intention was to...
(e.g. As things usually go against man's will, his original intention was to change the way people lived by inventing the internal combustion engine. Indeed, its birth has greatly enhanced their enjoyment of life, especially in traveling and transporting. But its dark side is presenting a growing worry to our society.)
14) The current situation of..., if approached from the opposite angle, reveals that...
(e.g. The current situation of our reforms is political structure, if approached from the opposite angle, reveals that much of the achievement is far from satisfactory. For example,...But...)
15) Everything about...seems (not) to be getting on smoothly/just as one wishes in...
(e.g. Everything about the economic reform seems to be getting on just as our government wishes in China.)
16) To sb.'s mind/In sb.'s eye(s), sth. seems/means...
(e.g. In the eyes of the public, official corruption means taking bribes,. ..But such corruption comes in many different forms.)
17) No one would deny that...
或：Everyone would agree that...
18) When it comes to...(sth.), most people (the public) maintain(s)/contend(s) that...
(e.g. When it comes to fake commodities, every consumer has much anger to pour upon them.)
19) Now it is widely believed that...
(e.g. Now it is widely believed that examinations are the best possible measure for the selection of the qualified.)
20) A public debate has arisen as to/over/concerning...
(e.g. A public debate has arisen as to whether one should step forward bravely in the event of crime.)
21) All that sth. has done for our society seems like a big step forward in the right/wrong direction, but it has also brought along with it a great worry /benefit to...(the average people.)
(sth.: cloning, the reform in managerial structures, etc.)
22) The birth/invention of...has made an enormous/essential difference to ...But it does not mean that...
(e.g. The birth of the computer has made a radical difference to the human progress. But it does not mean that this wonder does no threat to our society.)
23) Sth. has changed the way our society develops....But its bright side should not keep us from following closely its dark side.
(sth.: the genetic engineering, etc.)
24) Things about...are going on to our advantage, but a long cool look at ...reveals that...
(e.g. Things about the reform in state enterprises are not going on to the most workers' advantage....But a long cool look at this move reveals that it will produce some substantial benefits to our nation in a long run.)
25) No/Little doubt that...But...
(e.g.［There is］ Little doubt that the traditional schooling has contributed much to our social development....But some grave defects in it begin to stand out against the modern times.)
26) What does sth. mean?
27) How/Why does sth. affect our life?
28) What is it like to do...?
(e.g. What is it like to have lost all confidence in oneself?)
29) What would our society be like if there were no...?
(e.g. What would our society be like if there were no public morals?)
30) Should we put sth. above sth. else?
或：Should we attach as much weight to A as to B?
(e.g. Should we put intellectual development above moral education?)
31) Sth. is often referred to as/defined as...
(e.g. Corrupt officials are often referred to as the most dangerous borers in our government bodies, who are nibbling away the healthy organism of our party by dishonest means.)
32) (Doing) Sth. is just the same as.../is compared to.../is likened to.. ./is like...
(e.g. Life in the middle of marriage is often compared to wire walking, for in the early years spouses attract each other and in late years they need each other.)
33) Sth. is to...what sth. else is to...
(e.g. An individual human existence is to the human society what a river is to the ocean, small and busy rushing past rocks at first, but gradually growing wider and quieter until it becomes merged in the ocean in the end.)
34) To/For/With most people/sb., sth. is/means...
(e.g. To dishonest people, a friend means a target or an object that is of some use to them at present or in the future.)
35) Sth. is the symbol/mark/equivalent of.../is symbolic of.../is equivalent to...(e.g. If selling one's sex is the mark of degeneration, selling one's power is equivalent to committing crime.)
36) Suppose/Imagine that.../Let's suppose/assume/imagine (that)...
(e.g. Suppose, by any chance, you heartily disagree with anything that is going on about you, you are less likely to stay on the good side of people around you.)
37) We often find ourselves caught/involved in a dilemma whether...
(e.g. We often find ourselves caught in a dilemma whether we should reach for the bear's paw or for the shark's fin/whether to reach for...)
38) If/In case/In the event that..., it is better to.../a better course is to.../sb. has no choice/option/alternative but to.../all we want to know is how...
(e.g. In the event that you fall in a love river, all we want to know is how you will swim in it, as you are no longer a fisherman.)
39) Unfortunately, sth. may affect sb.'s life to the point where...
(e.g. Unfortunately, the desire to be well thought of affects one's life to the point where he is reluctant to say no to anyone else regarding anything.)
40) In our life, there often appears such an occasion when.../on which... (或it often happens that...)(e.g. In our daily life, there appears such an occasion when we drink success to our work in one field but, at the same time, begin to do great damage to other fields.)
41) “...” That is how one of the great minds/scientists/writers remarked on...(e.g. “Happiness, like an old friend, is inclined to drop in unexpectedly— when you're working hard on something else.” That is how a famous writer once remarked on happiness.)
42) One of the great sociologists/psychologists has said:“...”
(e.g. The great classical ballerina Anna Pavlova has said: “No one can arrive from being talented alone. God gives talent; work transforms talent into genius.” In other words ...)
43) “...” Such is the accurate exposition/exposure of...frequently over heard in public.
(e.g. “Public morals are declining day by day.” Such is the correct exposure of the dark side of our society.)
44) How often nowadays we hear such remarks/complaints/words as this “...” or “...”!
(e.g. How often nowadays we hear such complaints from officials as this “I have too many social engagements to carry out” or “I have too many social engagements to carry out” or “I have to bear too many titles for our society”! Don't be misled by the complaints of this kind!)
45) One of the great men once said that...
(e.g. A gifted American psychologist once said that it is an illusion to believe in the Sunday-school truth—more comfort, more happiness.)
46) Once in a newspaper/magazine, I hit upon the report that...
(e.g. Once in a newspaper, I hit upon the news that a quick witted policeman spotted a suspect's spittle in the street blotted it up and ran a DNA test on it which led to the man's arrest for a murder. This case best counts as a practical application of the DNA technique.)
47) One day, I happened to witness the incident as follows:...
四六级考前必看写作句型与过渡词语【开篇句】
1) With the rapid improvement in.../growing awareness of..., more and more.../sth....
(e.g. With the considerable improvement in building industry, more and more structures are being erected to set the people's minds at ease.)
2) Recently, sth./the problem of...has been brought to popular attention/ has become the focus of public concern. A
(e.g. Recently, the problem of unemployment has been brought to such popular attention that governments at all levels place it on the agenda as the first matter.)
3) One of the universal issues we are faced with/that cause increasing concern is that...
(e.g. One of the universal issues that draw (cause) growing concern is whether it is wise of man to have invented the automobile.)
4) In the past few years, there has been a boom/sharp growth/decline in.. .
(e.g. In the past ten years, there has been a sharp decline in the number of species.)
5) Nowadays, more/most important/dangerous for our society is...
(e.g. Nowadays, most dangerous for our society is the tendency to take advantage of each other in political circles.)
6) According to the information given in the table/graph, we can find that...
7) As can be seen from the table/graph/figure, there is a marked increase /decline/favorable (an unfavorable) change in...
8) As we can see from the table/graph/figure above, drastic/considerable/ great changes have taken place in...over the period of time from...(年份)to...( 年份)
9) The table/graph shows that there is a(n) declining/increasing trend of ...from...(年份) to...(年份)
10) Anyone who takes a closer look at the data in the table/graph can be surprised to find that...
11) It is a traditional practice to...in our society.
(e.g. It is a traditional practice for young people to be financially dependent on their parents for anything like marriage and housing.)
12) It has long been considered only right and proper to...(in China.)
(e.g. It has long been considered only right and proper/perfectly justified for the old to assume full responsibility for the growth of the young.)
13) As things usually go against sb.'s will, his original intention was to...
(e.g. As things usually go against man's will, his original intention was to change the way people lived by inventing the internal combustion engine. Indeed, its birth has greatly enhanced their enjoyment of life, especially in traveling and transporting. But its dark side is presenting a growing worry to our society.)
14) The current situation of..., if approached from the opposite angle, reveals that...
(e.g. The current situation of our reforms is political structure, if approached from the opposite angle, reveals that much of the achievement is far from satisfactory. For example,...But...)
15) Everything about...seems (not) to be getting on smoothly/just as one wishes in...
(e.g. Everything about the economic reform seems to be getting on just as our government wishes in China.)
16) To sb.'s mind/In sb.'s eye(s), sth. seems/means...
(e.g. In the eyes of the public, official corruption means taking bribes,. ..But such corruption comes in many different forms.)
17) No one would deny that...
或：Everyone would agree that...
18) When it comes to...(sth.), most people (the public) maintain(s)/contend(s) that...
(e.g. When it comes to fake commodities, every consumer has much anger to pour upon them.)
19) Now it is widely believed that...
(e.g. Now it is widely believed that examinations are the best possible measure for the selection of the qualified.)
20) A public debate has arisen as to/over/concerning...
(e.g. A public debate has arisen as to whether one should step forward bravely in the event of crime.)
21) All that sth. has done for our society seems like a big step forward in the right/wrong direction, but it has also brought along with it a great worry /benefit to...(the average people.)
(sth.: cloning, the reform in managerial structures, etc.)
22) The birth/invention of...has made an enormous/essential difference to ...But it does not mean that...
(e.g. The birth of the computer has made a radical difference to the human progress. But it does not mean that this wonder does no threat to our society.)
23) Sth. has changed the way our society develops....But its bright side should not keep us from following closely its dark side.
(sth.: the genetic engineering, etc.)
24) Things about...are going on to our advantage, but a long cool look at ...reveals that...
(e.g. Things about the reform in state enterprises are not going on to the most workers' advantage....But a long cool look at this move reveals that it will produce some substantial benefits to our nation in a long run.)
25) No/Little doubt that...But...
(e.g.［There is］ Little doubt that the traditional schooling has contributed much to our social development....But some grave defects in it begin to stand out against the modern times.)
26) What does sth. mean?
27) How/Why does sth. affect our life?
28) What is it like to do...?
(e.g. What is it like to have lost all confidence in oneself?)
29) What would our society be like if there were no...?
(e.g. What would our society be like if there were no public morals?)
30) Should we put sth. above sth. else?
或：Should we attach as much weight to A as to B?
(e.g. Should we put intellectual development above moral education?)
31) Sth. is often referred to as/defined as...
(e.g. Corrupt officials are often referred to as the most dangerous borers in our government bodies, who are nibbling away the healthy organism of our party by dishonest means.)
32) (Doing) Sth. is just the same as.../is compared to.../is likened to.. ./is like...
(e.g. Life in the middle of marriage is often compared to wire walking, for in the early years spouses attract each other and in late years they need each other.)
33) Sth. is to...what sth. else is to...
(e.g. An individual human existence is to the human society what a river is to the ocean, small and busy rushing past rocks at first, but gradually growing wider and quieter until it becomes merged in the ocean in the end.)
34) To/For/With most people/sb., sth. is/means...
(e.g. To dishonest people, a friend means a target or an object that is of some use to them at present or in the future.)
35) Sth. is the symbol/mark/equivalent of.../is symbolic of.../is equivalent to...(e.g. If selling one's sex is the mark of degeneration, selling one's power is equivalent to committing crime.)
36) Suppose/Imagine that.../Let's suppose/assume/imagine (that)...
(e.g. Suppose, by any chance, you heartily disagree with anything that is going on about you, you are less likely to stay on the good side of people around you.)
37) We often find ourselves caught/involved in a dilemma whether...
(e.g. We often find ourselves caught in a dilemma whether we should reach for the bear's paw or for the shark's fin/whether to reach for...)
38) If/In case/In the event that..., it is better to.../a better course is to.../sb. has no choice/option/alternative but to.../all we want to know is how...
(e.g. In the event that you fall in a love river, all we want to know is how you will swim in it, as you are no longer a fisherman.)
39) Unfortunately, sth. may affect sb.'s life to the point where...
(e.g. Unfortunately, the desire to be well thought of affects one's life to the point where he is reluctant to say no to anyone else regarding anything.)
40) In our life, there often appears such an occasion when.../on which... (或it often happens that...)(e.g. In our daily life, there appears such an occasion when we drink success to our work in one field but, at the same time, begin to do great damage to other fields.)
41) “...” That is how one of the great minds/scientists/writers remarked on...(e.g. “Happiness, like an old friend, is inclined to drop in unexpectedly— when you're working hard on something else.” That is how a famous writer once remarked on happiness.)
42) One of the great sociologists/psychologists has said:“...”
(e.g. The great classical ballerina Anna Pavlova has said: “No one can arrive from being talented alone. God gives talent; work transforms talent into genius.” In other words ...)
43) “...” Such is the accurate exposition/exposure of...frequently over heard in public.
(e.g. “Public morals are declining day by day.” Such is the correct exposure of the dark side of our society.)
44) How often nowadays we hear such remarks/complaints/words as this “...” or “...”!
(e.g. How often nowadays we hear such complaints from officials as this “I have too many social engagements to carry out” or “I have too many social engagements to carry out” or “I have to bear too many titles for our society”! Don't be misled by the complaints of this kind!)
45) One of the great men once said that...
(e.g. A gifted American psychologist once said that it is an illusion to believe in the Sunday-school truth—more comfort, more happiness.)
46) Once in a newspaper/magazine, I hit upon the report that...
(e.g. Once in a newspaper, I hit upon the news that a quick witted policeman spotted a suspect's spittle in the street blotted it up and ran a DNA test on it which led to the man's arrest for a murder. This case best counts as a practical application of the DNA technique.)
47) One day, I happened to witness the incident as follows:...
简短回答题的具体解题方法分析
下面将针对具体的题型进行分析。
A．概括总结题型
这类题型主要包括主旨型题目和推断型题目，我们先来分析主旨型题目。
我们来看1997年1月的Sl题。这道题是典型的文章大意题，它提问的形式是What is the passage mainly about? 对于这类题，首先要将文章的大意所包含的要点归纳出来。通过读文章我们知道，文章的主要内容有以下几个方面：汽车被盗；盗车犯；赃车如何处置；破案情况；对盗车犯的惩罚；如何防盗。因此答案就必须概括到以上几个方面。显而易见，以上几个方面的综合就是很简单的一句话，那就是“美国汽车盗窃情况”，译成英文，就是，the car theft in the US。这样，答案就搞定了。有的同学在做题的时候不喜欢归纳各段的意思，仅凭对文章的整体印象作答，这样很容易导致答案的覆盖面不全。还有一类题是段落大意题，如 1998年6月的s4题。题目是这样的：Apart from personal preferences。what determines one’s choice of the media and media content?应付这类题，一个行之有效的方法是在段落中寻找关键句。就本题而言，段落的首句就点明了主旨．．．．quite a different sort of factor that affects your media experiences is the social context of exposure…而且该段的第三句也进一步使段落大意明显化：…that social context affects…the media and the media content to which you become exposed．所以，答案就应当是the social context of exposure。一般而言，对于段落够精确而影响分数。另外还需注意的一点是，段落大意题往往不直接用类似于文章大意题的方式提问，即用类似于 what…mainly about的形式提问，因此要注意题目的定性分析。如前例，很多同学不知道personal preference是对第三段所论述的因素的概括，没有读懂题意，所以给出的答案离题万里，这种情况是要避免的。
其次是推断性的题目。我们首先来看1999年1月的s2题。题目是这样的：
Many parents think that，instead of watching a lot of TV．their children should_____．本题需要综合一、二段内容作综合判断。一、二段讲很多家长抱怨孩子懒惰，只知道看电视或者依赖父母带他们去玩，而不知道自己想办法玩。可见，家长的意思是希望孩子自己想想应该怎么去玩。对这个意思加以概括，就是play with themselves。
这类题目常常是与文中某些人的观点有关的。解此类题目的关键就是根据提问，在文章中寻找与提问相关的部分并提炼其大意，根据所概括出来的内容进行推断。在推断的过程中要注意对题目要求把握的准确性，不要掺杂无关的内容。
B．细节类题目
我们也分几个部分进行分析。第一个部分是描述型题目。我们来看1999年1月的Sl题：According to many par-ents，without TV，their children would like them to ．本题是一道典型的描述性题目。文章的第一句话就说，很多家长担心如果没有电视，孩子们会不停地要求家长陪他们玩。答案是显而易见的，用英语表述出来，就是play with them。我们再来看1997年1月的s3题：How serious did the author predict the annual vehicle theft could be in the United States in 1989?文章的第二段最后一句话告诉我们，…exper ts predict annual vehicle thefts could exceed 2,000,000 by the end of the decade．也就是说到80年代末，美国每年将有200万辆以上的汽车被盗。所以本题的答案应该是it could exceed two million。描述类的细节题的答案，一般在文章中都可以找到，我们只需根据问题，在文中按图索骥，找到与提问相关的内容并加以概括就可以了。在对所找到的内容加以概括的时候，要注意两个问题：其一，文中有的意义的表达方式与题目中不同，如上例提问中的in 1989和文章中的by the end of the decade，要搞清楚它们所表达的是同一个含义。这种表达方式的互换在简短回答中是屡见不鲜的。其二，作为概括对象的内容中的一些关键词汇在答案中一定要体现出来。比如上例中的exceed，如果忽略了这个单词，那么答案的意义就与问题所要求的有很大的差距了。
接着我们来看因果关系型的细节题。此类细节题所考查的对象是文中的因果关系。提问多用why问句的形式，并且该问题的答案一般在文章中是可以直接找到的。我们先来看1998年6月的s2题：Why ale newspapers considered as an important medium according to the passage?文章的第一段第四句中写道：…with newspapers a close second．at least as a source of news and other information．在这句话中，直接谈到了newspaper的作用，即是重要的新闻和其他信息的来源。用英文表达就是because they are a source of news and information.再看1998年1月的S2题：Why was it easy for boats to tumble over in the Colorado?在文中有两处关键的话，即：…all of us naturally set aside any pretenses and put out backs into ever stroke to keep the boat from tumbling over，…working together to cope with the unpredictable twists and turns of the river．前一句话暗示出小船极易”tumble over”，后一句话表明河流有”the unpredictable twists and turns“，综合这两句话我们可以知道答案应为because of the wilder rapids。
解决因果关系类的细节题，要注意在文中出现的表示因果关系的词汇。通常表示原因的词汇有for that reason， for，as，because，since，as a result of，owing to，thanks to等，表示结果的词汇有as a result，therefore，consequently，thus， accordingly, so。在阅读时要特别注意这些词后面的内容，它们通常就会是因果关系类题所考查的内容。在答案的组织上，一般使用because开头的句子或because of开头的短语来回答。
然后我们来分析举例型的题目。下面请看1998年6月的S3题：For one reason or another，people’s exposure to the media is often_______．在审题时，应当注意题目中的“for one reason or another”，这表明要填的内容应当具有概括性，也就是各种原因导致的结果。文中第二段首句就突出了主题：There are various factors that can cause you to expose yourself to the media selectively，…然后指出原因：…is probably due to the psychological pressure…However，…but to other factors, such as…在做题时，应紧紧扣住selective这一点来组织答案，也就是说，在答案中一定要体现selective或者与其意思相同的语句。我们再举一个例子，1998年1月S4题：What caused the sharp conflict in the GM plant in the late 1970s?此题的答案需要从文中所举例子前后经过的描述中才能概括出来。文中用For example道出事情经过：For example，in the late 1970s a General Motor plant in Fremont． Calif，was the scene of constant warfare between labor and man-agement．Distrust ran so high that the labor contract was hundreds of pages of tricky legal temm．在这段叙述中，“distrust”是一个关键词。此外，上一段“the teamwork is the key to making dreams come true”也很重要，归纳答案时也应该考虑。经过概括，我们就可以得出答案：Distrust and lack of teamwork．
举例型题目，解决的关键是将文章中所列举的比较分散的与问题有关的语句加以概括。在解题时应该注意，所总结的答案的覆盖面一定要足够包容或者代表文章中与此有关的语句。
最后我们来分析对照型的题目。我们看1999年1月的S5题：Developing children’s self-confidence helps bring them up to be _______．此题答案在短文最后一句能直接找到：Giving children the opportunity to develop new resources．to enlarge their horizons and discover the pleasures of doing things on their own is，on the other hand, a way to help children develop a confident feeling about themselves as capable and interesting people．句中on the other hand表示对照，暗示出与前面相反的结果。答案可以总结为：capable and interesting people。
再看同一张卷子的S4题：When parents show constant disappointment in their children。the destructive effect is that the children will________．文中有关这个问题的表述为：
Such disappointment, however, is not only unjust, it is also destructive. Sensing their parent’s disappointment, children come to believe that they are, indeed, lacking something, and that this makes them less worthy of admiration and respect. 首先要注意 however这个词，通过它的转折我们可以知道其后面的destructive是一个关键词。然后在后一句中寻找解释为什么 destructive的语句，那就是make them less worthy of admiration and respect，从而，答案就可以总结为think themselves not worthy of admiration and respect。
这种题型的特点是，答案在文中是以与其他事物进行对比或比较的形式出现的。在解决它们的时候，要注意严格审题，切勿混淆了对比的两个方面。此外，对于一些表示对比和比较的词语要特别关注，例如however，nevertheless，in contrast。on the other hand，but，yet，while和likewise，in the same way ,as if ,as等等，在它们的附近往往可以找到答案的原材料。
简短回答的常见错误总结
六级的简短回答题有一些错误是具有共同性的，几乎所有考生所犯的错误都集中在这几种错误上。而这些错误，在六级考试关于这个题型的评分标准上都得到了反映。下面我们通过对评分标准的分析来举出简短回答题的一些常见错误。英语六级考试的每个题型都有其评分标准，但是简短回答题的评分标准有特别重要的意义，它几乎就是针对这一题型的具体的应试指导。首先让我们来了解一下评分标准：
a：本题要求读后回答5个所提的问题或补足不完整的句子。每题2分，共10分。
b：本题虽为简答题，但回答不全面者扣分。
c：有自相矛盾之处扣分。
d：照抄原文者扣分，照抄一句扣半分，照抄两句和二句以上零分。
e：答非所问者扣分。
f：答多者扣分。
g：正确的回答里有语法错误部分扣分。
h：回答多余部分如有语法错误的同样扣分。
以上的这些要求就反映了我们在考试中常见的错误，
下面我们来进一步分析：
首先，回答不全面是不行的。我在前边的题型分析中强调过某些题型应当保证答案的涵盖面，也就是说，符合题目要求的所有要点都要在答案中体现出来，特别要注意关键性的词汇不被忽略。为达到此目的，在内容比较多，如果用句子表达的话就容易答多的情况下，可以考虑用短语，特别是并列形式的短语作答。
第二，答案不能自相矛盾。这一点大家都很清楚。在作答完毕之后，要考虑所拟出的答案在逻辑上是否无懈可击，防止出现矛盾的现象。尤其注意答案中的形容词和副词不要与它们的反义形式或反义词相混淆。
第三，不能照抄原文。但要注意，答题时必须紧密结合文章，答案中的关键词句尽量用文章中的词句来回答，这就要求将合理的利用与照抄原文区分开来。一般情况下，答案的关键词汇用原文中的词汇是没有问题的。在作答的时候要胆大心细，除非有十足的把握，不要自己创造新的关键词汇，以求答案的可靠性。
第四，问什么，答什么。答案必须要有覆盖面，但是决不要为了追求答案的覆盖面就东拉西扯。在考试中这是丢分的一个重要原因。答案必须要完整，但是绝对不要答题目不要求的东西。
第五，答案要在规定的字数之内。这就要求，回答时要简短，能用单词的不用短语，能用短语的不用句子，防止拖沓。而且，越是简短的表达方式，犯语法错误和其他错误的可能性就越小。很多同学在答题时惟恐答得太简略会导致意思表述不清，或者由于总想把问题回答得圆满一些，或者由于习惯的原因总要采用完整的句式，这些想法在一定程度上都是有害的。因为简短回答题的字数限制使你有时候无法采用完整句，而只好用省略句或者短语。大家应该明白，简短回答，就是回答越短越好，在答案的长短上不要有太多的顾虑。简单明确的答案往往会更好地切中题意。反之，冗长拖沓的答案有时会使判卷的老师不明就里，导致失分。
第六，绝对禁止犯语法错误。简短回答题的答案不可能是复杂句，只会是简单句、短语，甚至有时候是一个单词。在这么简单的表达方式里还要犯语法错误简直是不可忍受的。在拟定答案之后，要对答案进行语法分析，保证其在语法上正确。尤其要注意的是时态，例如文意要求答案用过去时态的，不要写成现在或将来时态。也就是说，在时态上要和文章匹配。其次是主谓一致。另外，还有一些细节问题要注意，例如用句子回答问题时，首字母要大写的问题。这些问题看起来很细小，但是如果不注意的话，后果是严重的。以上所列举的诸种要求，都是我们在考试时要认真注意的。在平时的练习中严格地按照这些要求去做，慢慢地养成好的解题习惯，是在考试时避免上述问题的根本解决方法。
下面将针对具体的题型进行分析。
A．概括总结题型
这类题型主要包括主旨型题目和推断型题目，我们先来分析主旨型题目。
我们来看1997年1月的Sl题。这道题是典型的文章大意题，它提问的形式是What is the passage mainly about? 对于这类题，首先要将文章的大意所包含的要点归纳出来。通过读文章我们知道，文章的主要内容有以下几个方面：汽车被盗；盗车犯；赃车如何处置；破案情况；对盗车犯的惩罚；如何防盗。因此答案就必须概括到以上几个方面。显而易见，以上几个方面的综合就是很简单的一句话，那就是“美国汽车盗窃情况”，译成英文，就是，the car theft in the US。这样，答案就搞定了。有的同学在做题的时候不喜欢归纳各段的意思，仅凭对文章的整体印象作答，这样很容易导致答案的覆盖面不全。还有一类题是段落大意题，如 1998年6月的s4题。题目是这样的：Apart from personal preferences。what determines one’s choice of the media and media content?应付这类题，一个行之有效的方法是在段落中寻找关键句。就本题而言，段落的首句就点明了主旨．．．．quite a different sort of factor that affects your media experiences is the social context of exposure…而且该段的第三句也进一步使段落大意明显化：…that social context affects…the media and the media content to which you become exposed．所以，答案就应当是the social context of exposure。一般而言，对于段落够精确而影响分数。另外还需注意的一点是，段落大意题往往不直接用类似于文章大意题的方式提问，即用类似于 what…mainly about的形式提问，因此要注意题目的定性分析。如前例，很多同学不知道personal preference是对第三段所论述的因素的概括，没有读懂题意，所以给出的答案离题万里，这种情况是要避免的。
其次是推断性的题目。我们首先来看1999年1月的s2题。题目是这样的：
Many parents think that，instead of watching a lot of TV．their children should_____．本题需要综合一、二段内容作综合判断。一、二段讲很多家长抱怨孩子懒惰，只知道看电视或者依赖父母带他们去玩，而不知道自己想办法玩。可见，家长的意思是希望孩子自己想想应该怎么去玩。对这个意思加以概括，就是play with themselves。
这类题目常常是与文中某些人的观点有关的。解此类题目的关键就是根据提问，在文章中寻找与提问相关的部分并提炼其大意，根据所概括出来的内容进行推断。在推断的过程中要注意对题目要求把握的准确性，不要掺杂无关的内容。
B．细节类题目
我们也分几个部分进行分析。第一个部分是描述型题目。我们来看1999年1月的Sl题：According to many par-ents，without TV，their children would like them to ．本题是一道典型的描述性题目。文章的第一句话就说，很多家长担心如果没有电视，孩子们会不停地要求家长陪他们玩。答案是显而易见的，用英语表述出来，就是play with them。我们再来看1997年1月的s3题：How serious did the author predict the annual vehicle theft could be in the United States in 1989?文章的第二段最后一句话告诉我们，…exper ts predict annual vehicle thefts could exceed 2,000,000 by the end of the decade．也就是说到80年代末，美国每年将有200万辆以上的汽车被盗。所以本题的答案应该是it could exceed two million。描述类的细节题的答案，一般在文章中都可以找到，我们只需根据问题，在文中按图索骥，找到与提问相关的内容并加以概括就可以了。在对所找到的内容加以概括的时候，要注意两个问题：其一，文中有的意义的表达方式与题目中不同，如上例提问中的in 1989和文章中的by the end of the decade，要搞清楚它们所表达的是同一个含义。这种表达方式的互换在简短回答中是屡见不鲜的。其二，作为概括对象的内容中的一些关键词汇在答案中一定要体现出来。比如上例中的exceed，如果忽略了这个单词，那么答案的意义就与问题所要求的有很大的差距了。
接着我们来看因果关系型的细节题。此类细节题所考查的对象是文中的因果关系。提问多用why问句的形式，并且该问题的答案一般在文章中是可以直接找到的。我们先来看1998年6月的s2题：Why ale newspapers considered as an important medium according to the passage?文章的第一段第四句中写道：…with newspapers a close second．at least as a source of news and other information．在这句话中，直接谈到了newspaper的作用，即是重要的新闻和其他信息的来源。用英文表达就是because they are a source of news and information.再看1998年1月的S2题：Why was it easy for boats to tumble over in the Colorado?在文中有两处关键的话，即：…all of us naturally set aside any pretenses and put out backs into ever stroke to keep the boat from tumbling over，…working together to cope with the unpredictable twists and turns of the river．前一句话暗示出小船极易”tumble over”，后一句话表明河流有”the unpredictable twists and turns“，综合这两句话我们可以知道答案应为because of the wilder rapids。
解决因果关系类的细节题，要注意在文中出现的表示因果关系的词汇。通常表示原因的词汇有for that reason， for，as，because，since，as a result of，owing to，thanks to等，表示结果的词汇有as a result，therefore，consequently，thus， accordingly, so。在阅读时要特别注意这些词后面的内容，它们通常就会是因果关系类题所考查的内容。在答案的组织上，一般使用because开头的句子或because of开头的短语来回答。
然后我们来分析举例型的题目。下面请看1998年6月的S3题：For one reason or another，people’s exposure to the media is often_______．在审题时，应当注意题目中的“for one reason or another”，这表明要填的内容应当具有概括性，也就是各种原因导致的结果。文中第二段首句就突出了主题：There are various factors that can cause you to expose yourself to the media selectively，…然后指出原因：…is probably due to the psychological pressure…However，…but to other factors, such as…在做题时，应紧紧扣住selective这一点来组织答案，也就是说，在答案中一定要体现selective或者与其意思相同的语句。我们再举一个例子，1998年1月S4题：What caused the sharp conflict in the GM plant in the late 1970s?此题的答案需要从文中所举例子前后经过的描述中才能概括出来。文中用For example道出事情经过：For example，in the late 1970s a General Motor plant in Fremont． Calif，was the scene of constant warfare between labor and man-agement．Distrust ran so high that the labor contract was hundreds of pages of tricky legal temm．在这段叙述中，“distrust”是一个关键词。此外，上一段“the teamwork is the key to making dreams come true”也很重要，归纳答案时也应该考虑。经过概括，我们就可以得出答案：Distrust and lack of teamwork．
举例型题目，解决的关键是将文章中所列举的比较分散的与问题有关的语句加以概括。在解题时应该注意，所总结的答案的覆盖面一定要足够包容或者代表文章中与此有关的语句。
最后我们来分析对照型的题目。我们看1999年1月的S5题：Developing children’s self-confidence helps bring them up to be _______．此题答案在短文最后一句能直接找到：Giving children the opportunity to develop new resources．to enlarge their horizons and discover the pleasures of doing things on their own is，on the other hand, a way to help children develop a confident feeling about themselves as capable and interesting people．句中on the other hand表示对照，暗示出与前面相反的结果。答案可以总结为：capable and interesting people。
再看同一张卷子的S4题：When parents show constant disappointment in their children。the destructive effect is that the children will________．文中有关这个问题的表述为：
Such disappointment, however, is not only unjust, it is also destructive. Sensing their parent’s disappointment, children come to believe that they are, indeed, lacking something, and that this makes them less worthy of admiration and respect. 首先要注意 however这个词，通过它的转折我们可以知道其后面的destructive是一个关键词。然后在后一句中寻找解释为什么 destructive的语句，那就是make them less worthy of admiration and respect，从而，答案就可以总结为think themselves not worthy of admiration and respect。
这种题型的特点是，答案在文中是以与其他事物进行对比或比较的形式出现的。在解决它们的时候，要注意严格审题，切勿混淆了对比的两个方面。此外，对于一些表示对比和比较的词语要特别关注，例如however，nevertheless，in contrast。on the other hand，but，yet，while和likewise，in the same way ,as if ,as等等，在它们的附近往往可以找到答案的原材料。
简短回答的常见错误总结
六级的简短回答题有一些错误是具有共同性的，几乎所有考生所犯的错误都集中在这几种错误上。而这些错误，在六级考试关于这个题型的评分标准上都得到了反映。下面我们通过对评分标准的分析来举出简短回答题的一些常见错误。英语六级考试的每个题型都有其评分标准，但是简短回答题的评分标准有特别重要的意义，它几乎就是针对这一题型的具体的应试指导。首先让我们来了解一下评分标准：
a：本题要求读后回答5个所提的问题或补足不完整的句子。每题2分，共10分。
b：本题虽为简答题，但回答不全面者扣分。
c：有自相矛盾之处扣分。
d：照抄原文者扣分，照抄一句扣半分，照抄两句和二句以上零分。
e：答非所问者扣分。
f：答多者扣分。
g：正确的回答里有语法错误部分扣分。
h：回答多余部分如有语法错误的同样扣分。
以上的这些要求就反映了我们在考试中常见的错误，
下面我们来进一步分析：
首先，回答不全面是不行的。我在前边的题型分析中强调过某些题型应当保证答案的涵盖面，也就是说，符合题目要求的所有要点都要在答案中体现出来，特别要注意关键性的词汇不被忽略。为达到此目的，在内容比较多，如果用句子表达的话就容易答多的情况下，可以考虑用短语，特别是并列形式的短语作答。
第二，答案不能自相矛盾。这一点大家都很清楚。在作答完毕之后，要考虑所拟出的答案在逻辑上是否无懈可击，防止出现矛盾的现象。尤其注意答案中的形容词和副词不要与它们的反义形式或反义词相混淆。
第三，不能照抄原文。但要注意，答题时必须紧密结合文章，答案中的关键词句尽量用文章中的词句来回答，这就要求将合理的利用与照抄原文区分开来。一般情况下，答案的关键词汇用原文中的词汇是没有问题的。在作答的时候要胆大心细，除非有十足的把握，不要自己创造新的关键词汇，以求答案的可靠性。
第四，问什么，答什么。答案必须要有覆盖面，但是决不要为了追求答案的覆盖面就东拉西扯。在考试中这是丢分的一个重要原因。答案必须要完整，但是绝对不要答题目不要求的东西。
第五，答案要在规定的字数之内。这就要求，回答时要简短，能用单词的不用短语，能用短语的不用句子，防止拖沓。而且，越是简短的表达方式，犯语法错误和其他错误的可能性就越小。很多同学在答题时惟恐答得太简略会导致意思表述不清，或者由于总想把问题回答得圆满一些，或者由于习惯的原因总要采用完整的句式，这些想法在一定程度上都是有害的。因为简短回答题的字数限制使你有时候无法采用完整句，而只好用省略句或者短语。大家应该明白，简短回答，就是回答越短越好，在答案的长短上不要有太多的顾虑。简单明确的答案往往会更好地切中题意。反之，冗长拖沓的答案有时会使判卷的老师不明就里，导致失分。
第六，绝对禁止犯语法错误。简短回答题的答案不可能是复杂句，只会是简单句、短语，甚至有时候是一个单词。在这么简单的表达方式里还要犯语法错误简直是不可忍受的。在拟定答案之后，要对答案进行语法分析，保证其在语法上正确。尤其要注意的是时态，例如文意要求答案用过去时态的，不要写成现在或将来时态。也就是说，在时态上要和文章匹配。其次是主谓一致。另外，还有一些细节问题要注意，例如用句子回答问题时，首字母要大写的问题。这些问题看起来很细小，但是如果不注意的话，后果是严重的。以上所列举的诸种要求，都是我们在考试时要认真注意的。在平时的练习中严格地按照这些要求去做，慢慢地养成好的解题习惯，是在考试时避免上述问题的根本解决方法。
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