2007年12月英语六级备考-改错（九）
[
07/11/12 10:15 | by admin ]
07/11/12 10:15 | by admin ]
本期练习重点：
从句关系代词误用、从句类型混淆、平行结构
1. Government reports, exmaination compositions, legal documents
and most business letters are the main situations which formal ___1___
language is used.
2. A survey was carried out on the death rate of new born babies
in that region, which results were surprising. ___2___
3. In spite of which has recently been done to improve the conditions ___3___
of elementary schools a great number of children are still unable
to go to school.
4. It was not until the accident happened when I became aware of ___4___
my foolishness.
5. How abundant certain natural resources may be, they cannot ___5___
reproduce themselves and are bound to be used up ultimately.
6. The news which he will take over his father’s business does not ___6___
surprise us at all.
7. Nutritionists believe what diet affects how one feels physically ___7___
and emotionally.
8. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier，not make ___8___
it more difficult．
9. We’ve installed two air-conditioners in our apartment, that should ___9___
make great differences in our life next summer.
10. On Saturday afternoon, Mrs Green went to the market, buying ___10___
some bananas and visited her cousin．
11.After three days’ waiting, there was a little doubt in the
mother’s mind that the police could find her lost child. ___11___
12. It is the ability to do the job which matters ,not where you come ___12___
from or what you are.
13. Agriculture was a step in human progress to that subsequently ___13___
there was not anything comparable until our own mahine age.
14. We often take it for granted much of our world has been exposed ___14___
and explained by science.
15. Which is annouced in today’s newspaper, the Shanghai Export ___15___
Commodities Fair is also open on Sunday.
答案及解析:
1. which -> where或which前加in
situation在后面从句formal language is used作状语。本句的意思是：政府报告、考试作文、法律文件和大多数商贸信函都用正是语言。
2. which -> whose
本句意思是：对这一地区新生儿死亡率进行调查，其结果令人吃惊。这里的whose results表示调查的结果。
3. which -> what
what 引导名词性从句作in spite of 的宾语，整个介词结构作状语。意思是：尽管最近为提高小学教育条件作了些事，但仍然有很多孩子无法上学。
4. when -> that
这里是it is…that…的强调句型。无论强调句子的什么成分，如时间状语、地点状语等，都只用that引出句子的其他部分，而不用when、where和which；在强调人时还可以用who (whom)。
5. How -> However
本句意思是：不管某些自然资源多么丰富，它们不会再生，终究要被用完的。这里用however引导让步状语从句。
6. which-> that
这里的that引导的是一个同位语从句。
7. what -> that或what -> /
此处的that引导的是一个宾语从句，不做任何成分，也可以省略。 what 在引导名词性从句时，在从句中作一定的成分（宾语，主语），例如：I don't agree with what you said，这里what作said的宾语，整个名词性从句 what you said作agree with的宾语。
8. not后加to
否定词not在此处起并列作用，连接两个to make．．．，to make．．．形成平行结构，to make．．．，to make．．．在句中作表语。
9. that -> which
此处引导的是非限定性定语从句，不能用that。
10. buying -> bought
并列连词and前面是一般过去时went，后面是一般过去时 visited，因此，两者之间也应该用一般过去时bought，以保持时态一致。went．．．，bought．．．和visited．．．三个并列谓语表示按时间先后顺序发生的动作。
11. that -> whether
本句的意思是：等了三天之后，那位母亲有点怀疑警察是否能够找到她失踪的儿子。
12. which -> that
同第4题。
13. that -> which
此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句。这里的介词to是与从句中的comparable搭配的。本句的意思是：农业的出现是人类进步的里程碑，从那以后直到我们进入机器时代之前，一直没有任何文明可以与之相提并论。
14. granted后加that
take …for granted意为“认为…理所当然”，是固定搭配。此处的 it .是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的从句, 所以要加上that。
15.Which -> AS
根据语法规则，as充当关系代词，可构成非限制性定语从句，as指代后面的整个句子。which引导的非限制性定语从句一般不能置于句首。
2007年12月英语六级备考-改错（八）
[ 07/11/10 08:06 | by admin ]
07/11/10 08:06 | by admin ]
2007年12月英语六级备考-改错（八）
The European Union had approved a number of
genetically modified crops until late 1998. But growing
public concern over its supposed environmental and health ___1___
risks led several EU countries to demand a moratorium（暂
时禁止）on imports of any new GM produce. By late 1999
there were enough such country to block any approvals ___2___
of GM produce. Last year, America filed a complaint at the
WTO about the moratorium, argue that it was an illegal ___3___
trade barrier because there was no scientific base for it. ___4___
As more studies have been completed on the effects of
GM crops, the greens’ case against them has weakened.
Much evidence has emerged of health risks from eating them. ___5___
And, overall, the studies have shown that the environmental
effects on modified crops are not always as serious as the ___6___
greens claim.. Nevertheless, environmentalists continue to find
fault of such studies and argue that they are inconclusive. ___7___
While Americans seem to be happy enough consume ___8___
food made from GM crops, opinion polls continue to show
that European consumers dislike the idea. Europeans seem to
be taking the attitude which, since there remains the slightest ___9___
possibility of adverse consequences and since it is clear how ___10___
they, as consumers, benefit from GM crops, they would rather
not run the risk.
答案及解析:
1. its -> their
此处的代词指代的是前面的genetically modified crops（转基因农作物）为复数，所以要改为their。
2. country -> countries
such country是指前面要求暂停进口转基因农产品的一些欧盟国家，是复数，所以要改为countries。
3. argue -> arguing
整句话的谓语是上行的filed。在英语里，一个句子不能在没有连词的情况下有多个谓语，所以此处要将argue改为arguing，用现在分词作状语
4. base -> basis
Base意为“基础，基地”，basis (for) 意为“基础，根据”，原句表达“科学根据”只能为scientific basis，而scientific base意为“科学基地”。此处还应该注意不能受base on（基于）这个短语的影响而将for改为on。
5. Much -> Little
根据后一句the studies have shown that the environmental effects of modified crops are not always as serious as the greens claim可知，并没有什么证据表明吃转基因农作物有损健康，所以要把Much改为Little。
6. on -> of
本句的意思是：“研究表明，改良后的农作物对环境造成的后果并没有像环保主义者所称的那样严重。”effect on意为“对…有影响”，effect of意为“….的后果（影响）”，所以应该将on改为of。
7. of -> with
find fault with是固定搭配，意为“批评，挑剔，对…吹毛求疵”。
8. consume前加to
此处是be happy to do，意为“很高兴做…，很满意做…”。
9. which -> that
这里take the attitude that…是同位语从句，中间since there……from GM crops是插入成分，真正的的同位语句子是后面的they would rather not run the risk.
10. clear -> unclear或clear前加not
since 前面的and表示前后语意一致，本句要表达的意思是：“因为欧洲人觉得仍存在使用转基因食物的不良后果，且作为消费者，他们如何从转基因食物中获利也不清楚，所以他们不愿意冒风险。
The European Union had approved a number of
genetically modified crops until late 1998. But growing
public concern over its supposed environmental and health ___1___
risks led several EU countries to demand a moratorium（暂
时禁止）on imports of any new GM produce. By late 1999
there were enough such country to block any approvals ___2___
of GM produce. Last year, America filed a complaint at the
WTO about the moratorium, argue that it was an illegal ___3___
trade barrier because there was no scientific base for it. ___4___
As more studies have been completed on the effects of
GM crops, the greens’ case against them has weakened.
Much evidence has emerged of health risks from eating them. ___5___
And, overall, the studies have shown that the environmental
effects on modified crops are not always as serious as the ___6___
greens claim.. Nevertheless, environmentalists continue to find
fault of such studies and argue that they are inconclusive. ___7___
While Americans seem to be happy enough consume ___8___
food made from GM crops, opinion polls continue to show
that European consumers dislike the idea. Europeans seem to
be taking the attitude which, since there remains the slightest ___9___
possibility of adverse consequences and since it is clear how ___10___
they, as consumers, benefit from GM crops, they would rather
not run the risk.
答案及解析:
1. its -> their
此处的代词指代的是前面的genetically modified crops（转基因农作物）为复数，所以要改为their。
2. country -> countries
such country是指前面要求暂停进口转基因农产品的一些欧盟国家，是复数，所以要改为countries。
3. argue -> arguing
整句话的谓语是上行的filed。在英语里，一个句子不能在没有连词的情况下有多个谓语，所以此处要将argue改为arguing，用现在分词作状语
4. base -> basis
Base意为“基础，基地”，basis (for) 意为“基础，根据”，原句表达“科学根据”只能为scientific basis，而scientific base意为“科学基地”。此处还应该注意不能受base on（基于）这个短语的影响而将for改为on。
5. Much -> Little
根据后一句the studies have shown that the environmental effects of modified crops are not always as serious as the greens claim可知，并没有什么证据表明吃转基因农作物有损健康，所以要把Much改为Little。
6. on -> of
本句的意思是：“研究表明，改良后的农作物对环境造成的后果并没有像环保主义者所称的那样严重。”effect on意为“对…有影响”，effect of意为“….的后果（影响）”，所以应该将on改为of。
7. of -> with
find fault with是固定搭配，意为“批评，挑剔，对…吹毛求疵”。
8. consume前加to
此处是be happy to do，意为“很高兴做…，很满意做…”。
9. which -> that
这里take the attitude that…是同位语从句，中间since there……from GM crops是插入成分，真正的的同位语句子是后面的they would rather not run the risk.
10. clear -> unclear或clear前加not
since 前面的and表示前后语意一致，本句要表达的意思是：“因为欧洲人觉得仍存在使用转基因食物的不良后果，且作为消费者，他们如何从转基因食物中获利也不清楚，所以他们不愿意冒风险。
2007年12月英语六级备考-完形（五）
[ 07/11/05 11:41 | by admin ]
07/11/05 11:41 | by admin ]
常考搭配1—up
1.向上:life up举起,climb up爬上,stand up站起来,pick up捡起
2.完成,结束:finish up完成,eat up吃光,use up用光,wind up结束
3.离开,消灭:break up 拆开,驱散,give up放弃,clutter up使散乱
4.增加,变强:mount up增加,pick up振作,加快,speed up加速
5.变好,改善:check up核对,patch up修理,light up点亮
6.关注,锁紧,固定住:shut up关闭,hold up 延误,keep up坚持
模拟练习:
A translator must have an excellent, up-to-date knowledge of his source languages.He must fill facility in the handling of his target language, which will be his mother tongue or language of habitual __1__, and a knowledge and understanding of the latest subject-matter in his field of specialization. This is, as it were, his professional __2__. In addition to this, it is __3__ that he should have an enquiring mind, wide interests, a good memory and the ability to __4__ quickly the basic principles of new developments.
He should be willing to work __5__ his own, often at high speeds, but should be humble enough to __6__ other people because his own __7__ does not always prove adequate to the task in hand. He should be able to type fairly quickly and __8__ and, if he is working mainly for publication, should have more than a nodding __9__ with printing techniques and proof-reading.
If he is working basically as an information translator, let us say, for an industrial firms, he should have the flexibility of mind to enable him to __10__ rapidly from one source language to __11__, as well as from one subject-matter to another, since this ability is frequently __12__ of him in such work. Bearing in __13__ the nature of the translator's work, i.e. the processing of the written word, it is, strictly speaking, __14__ that he should be able to speak the languages he is __15__ with.
If he does speak them, it is an __16__ rather than a hindrance(障碍), but this skill is in many ways a luxury that he can do away with. It is, __17__, desirable that he should have an __18__ idea about the pronunciation of his source languages, even if this is restricted to knowing how proper names and place names are pronounced. The same __19__ to an ability to write his source languages. If he can, well and good; if he cannot, it does not __20__.
答案:
1.D 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.A
6.D 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.D
11.A 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.B
16.C 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.A
1.向上:life up举起,climb up爬上,stand up站起来,pick up捡起
2.完成,结束:finish up完成,eat up吃光,use up用光,wind up结束
3.离开,消灭:break up 拆开,驱散,give up放弃,clutter up使散乱
4.增加,变强:mount up增加,pick up振作,加快,speed up加速
5.变好,改善:check up核对,patch up修理,light up点亮
6.关注,锁紧,固定住:shut up关闭,hold up 延误,keep up坚持
模拟练习:
A translator must have an excellent, up-to-date knowledge of his source languages.He must fill facility in the handling of his target language, which will be his mother tongue or language of habitual __1__, and a knowledge and understanding of the latest subject-matter in his field of specialization. This is, as it were, his professional __2__. In addition to this, it is __3__ that he should have an enquiring mind, wide interests, a good memory and the ability to __4__ quickly the basic principles of new developments.
He should be willing to work __5__ his own, often at high speeds, but should be humble enough to __6__ other people because his own __7__ does not always prove adequate to the task in hand. He should be able to type fairly quickly and __8__ and, if he is working mainly for publication, should have more than a nodding __9__ with printing techniques and proof-reading.
If he is working basically as an information translator, let us say, for an industrial firms, he should have the flexibility of mind to enable him to __10__ rapidly from one source language to __11__, as well as from one subject-matter to another, since this ability is frequently __12__ of him in such work. Bearing in __13__ the nature of the translator's work, i.e. the processing of the written word, it is, strictly speaking, __14__ that he should be able to speak the languages he is __15__ with.
If he does speak them, it is an __16__ rather than a hindrance(障碍), but this skill is in many ways a luxury that he can do away with. It is, __17__, desirable that he should have an __18__ idea about the pronunciation of his source languages, even if this is restricted to knowing how proper names and place names are pronounced. The same __19__ to an ability to write his source languages. If he can, well and good; if he cannot, it does not __20__.
引用
1.[A]application
[B]use
[C]utility
[D]usage
2.[A]equipment
[B]language
[C]performance
[D]facility
3.[A]wise
[B]unique
[C]desirable
[D]effective
4.[A]input
[B]grasp
[C]seek
[D]expand
5.[A]on
[B]in
[C]for
[D]by
6.[A]learn
[B]imitate
[C]conduct
[D]consult
7.[A]profession
[B]intelligence
[C]knowledge
[D]style
8.[A]steadily
[B]accurately
[C]regularly
[D]reasonably
9.[A]familiarity
[B]acquaintance
[C]knowledge
[D]skill
10.[A]change
[B]transform
[C]turn
[D]switch
11.[A]another
[B]other
[C]one
[D]all
12.[A]lacked
[B]required
[C]faced
[D]confronted
13.[A]brain
[B]thought
[C]mind
[D]memory
14.[A]essential
[B]unnecessary
[C]advantageous
[D]useless
15.[A]doing
[B]dealing
[C]deciding
[D]working
16.[A]idea
[B]advice
[C]advantage
[D]accordance
17.[A]however
[B]accordingly
[C]consequently
[D]thus
18.[A]adjacent
[B]ambiguous
[C]artificial
[D]approximate
19.[A]refers
[B]comes
[C]applies
[D]amounts
20.[A]matter
[B]mind
[C]harm
[D]work
[B]use
[C]utility
[D]usage
2.[A]equipment
[B]language
[C]performance
[D]facility
3.[A]wise
[B]unique
[C]desirable
[D]effective
4.[A]input
[B]grasp
[C]seek
[D]expand
5.[A]on
[B]in
[C]for
[D]by
6.[A]learn
[B]imitate
[C]conduct
[D]consult
7.[A]profession
[B]intelligence
[C]knowledge
[D]style
8.[A]steadily
[B]accurately
[C]regularly
[D]reasonably
9.[A]familiarity
[B]acquaintance
[C]knowledge
[D]skill
10.[A]change
[B]transform
[C]turn
[D]switch
11.[A]another
[B]other
[C]one
[D]all
12.[A]lacked
[B]required
[C]faced
[D]confronted
13.[A]brain
[B]thought
[C]mind
[D]memory
14.[A]essential
[B]unnecessary
[C]advantageous
[D]useless
15.[A]doing
[B]dealing
[C]deciding
[D]working
16.[A]idea
[B]advice
[C]advantage
[D]accordance
17.[A]however
[B]accordingly
[C]consequently
[D]thus
18.[A]adjacent
[B]ambiguous
[C]artificial
[D]approximate
19.[A]refers
[B]comes
[C]applies
[D]amounts
20.[A]matter
[B]mind
[C]harm
[D]work
答案:
1.D 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.A
6.D 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.D
11.A 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.B
16.C 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.A
2007年六级短文改错十大错误预测
[ 07/11/04 10:24 | by admin ]
07/11/04 10:24 | by admin ]
在英语六级短文改错中，常见的命题规律有以下十个方面：
1、上下文语义矛盾
通过对近年六级改错部分的分析，发现出现错误率的频率最高的就是上下文语义矛盾这一项，上下文语义矛盾，也就是说，根据上文的内容，紧接下来的部分应该是肯定意义，结果原文却用了否定;反之，根据上下文的连贯关系，下文本该用否定却用了肯定。
2、缺漏和多余
缺漏某些不可少或加了某些不必要的词都会使句意不通顺。一般来说，缺漏和多余的词多为介词、代词、冠词或连词。多余还可能出现相同意义的词语叠加在一起或出现两个主语现场。
3、介词误用
介词使句中某些词与其他词发生一定的关系，其在英语中占很重要的地位，故成为又一重要考点。
4、代词误用
如果某一代词根本无所指，或与其所指代的实词意义不一致那么就需要对其进行纠正。
5、非谓语动词错用
非谓语动词是令人头疼的改错类型，它包括不定式、分词、动名词。六级改错中的主要出现是非谓语动词与主要谓语动词之间的混淆。
6、形容词、副词(包括比较级和最高级)误用形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级是改错考题中必考的项目之一。常见错误类型有：
1)、不能区分哪两部分进行比较，是主语之间、宾语之间还是时间状语之间、地点状语之间的比较。2)、不可分级的形容词、副词误用了比较结构。
7、一致性方面的错误
一致性(Agreement或Concord)在英语中属于一种很基础、很常见的语法现象。一致性指主谓一致、名词单复数与其修饰语的一致，代词与先行词的一致，还有时态一致、修辞手法一致等。六级考试改错题中常见的一致性方面的错误有以下几类：
1)、主谓一致。主谓不一致错误是CET 6综合改错内容之一，主要表现为主语名词与谓语动词间隔较长，首尾不能相接，造成视觉上的混淆。
2)、名词单复数。有时名词可以不用复数，但是在特定的句子中由于前面有明确的量词修饰，如may,several,a number of,a variety of等等，就要变成复数形式。
3)、代词与先行词一致。代词的主要功能是指代已出现的名词、词组或一个意群，因此代词的出现必须有所指，而且形、数等与前面所代的部分相符。这是代词改错的核心。
8、用词不当
英语中有很多同义词、反义词、易混词，如assure/ensure,rise/arise/raise,effect/affect等。从历年六级改错题看，对这些词的误用构成六级改错的一个重要的错误类型。误是被动语态被误用为主动语态。
9、逻辑关系混乱
现主句和从句时态可能不一致的情形。另外，改错题中最常见的语态错这类错误常常不易被发现，因为它不属于句子内部的语言知识，而是句子与句子之间串联的关系。要想把这类错误纠正出来，需要考生对文章有总体的理解，头脑中有个大的框架。一般改错中的连接词错误都会使句子的逻辑关系发生改变，或造成句子的语义逻辑混乱。六级综合改错中对逻辑关系的考查主要集中在因果、转折、条件、让步等关系上，其中以因果和转折连接词最为常见。
10、时态、语态错误
一篇结构完整的短文中，时态的使用应该是连贯一致的，但六级改错中常出现主句和从句时态可能不一致的情形。另外，改错题中最常见的语态错误是被动语态被误用为主动语态。
1、上下文语义矛盾
通过对近年六级改错部分的分析，发现出现错误率的频率最高的就是上下文语义矛盾这一项，上下文语义矛盾，也就是说，根据上文的内容，紧接下来的部分应该是肯定意义，结果原文却用了否定;反之，根据上下文的连贯关系，下文本该用否定却用了肯定。
2、缺漏和多余
缺漏某些不可少或加了某些不必要的词都会使句意不通顺。一般来说，缺漏和多余的词多为介词、代词、冠词或连词。多余还可能出现相同意义的词语叠加在一起或出现两个主语现场。
3、介词误用
介词使句中某些词与其他词发生一定的关系，其在英语中占很重要的地位，故成为又一重要考点。
4、代词误用
如果某一代词根本无所指，或与其所指代的实词意义不一致那么就需要对其进行纠正。
5、非谓语动词错用
非谓语动词是令人头疼的改错类型，它包括不定式、分词、动名词。六级改错中的主要出现是非谓语动词与主要谓语动词之间的混淆。
6、形容词、副词(包括比较级和最高级)误用形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级是改错考题中必考的项目之一。常见错误类型有：
1)、不能区分哪两部分进行比较，是主语之间、宾语之间还是时间状语之间、地点状语之间的比较。2)、不可分级的形容词、副词误用了比较结构。
7、一致性方面的错误
一致性(Agreement或Concord)在英语中属于一种很基础、很常见的语法现象。一致性指主谓一致、名词单复数与其修饰语的一致，代词与先行词的一致，还有时态一致、修辞手法一致等。六级考试改错题中常见的一致性方面的错误有以下几类：
1)、主谓一致。主谓不一致错误是CET 6综合改错内容之一，主要表现为主语名词与谓语动词间隔较长，首尾不能相接，造成视觉上的混淆。
2)、名词单复数。有时名词可以不用复数，但是在特定的句子中由于前面有明确的量词修饰，如may,several,a number of,a variety of等等，就要变成复数形式。
3)、代词与先行词一致。代词的主要功能是指代已出现的名词、词组或一个意群，因此代词的出现必须有所指，而且形、数等与前面所代的部分相符。这是代词改错的核心。
8、用词不当
英语中有很多同义词、反义词、易混词，如assure/ensure,rise/arise/raise,effect/affect等。从历年六级改错题看，对这些词的误用构成六级改错的一个重要的错误类型。误是被动语态被误用为主动语态。
9、逻辑关系混乱
现主句和从句时态可能不一致的情形。另外，改错题中最常见的语态错这类错误常常不易被发现，因为它不属于句子内部的语言知识，而是句子与句子之间串联的关系。要想把这类错误纠正出来，需要考生对文章有总体的理解，头脑中有个大的框架。一般改错中的连接词错误都会使句子的逻辑关系发生改变，或造成句子的语义逻辑混乱。六级综合改错中对逻辑关系的考查主要集中在因果、转折、条件、让步等关系上，其中以因果和转折连接词最为常见。
10、时态、语态错误
一篇结构完整的短文中，时态的使用应该是连贯一致的，但六级改错中常出现主句和从句时态可能不一致的情形。另外，改错题中最常见的语态错误是被动语态被误用为主动语态。
2007年12月英语六级备考-改错（七）
[ 07/10/29 17:20 | by admin ]
07/10/29 17:20 | by admin ]
引用
真题演练
Until recently, dyslexia and other reading problems were
a mystery to most teachers and parents. As a result, too many
kids passed through school without master the printed page. ___1___
Some were treated as mentally deficient: many were left
functionally illiterate (文盲的)，unable to ever meet their
potential. But in the last several years, there’s been a
revolution in that we’ve learned about reading and dyslexia. ___2___
Scientists are using a variety of new imaging techniques to
watch the brain at work. Their experiments have shown that
reading disorders are most likely the result of what is, in an effect, ___3___
faulty wiring in the brain—not lazy, stupidity or a poor home ___4___
environment. There’s also convincing evidence which dyslexia ___5___
is largely inherited. It is now considered a chronic problem
for some kids, not just a “phase”. Scientists have also
discarded another old stereotype that almost all dyslexics are
boys. Studies indicate that many girls are affecting as well ___6___
and not getting help.
At same time, educational researchers have come up ___7___
with innovative teaching strategies for kids who are having
trouble learning to read. New screening tests are identifying
children at risk before they get discouraged by year of ___8___
frustration and failure. And educators are trying to get the
message to parents that they should be on the alert for the
first signs of potential problems.
It’s an urgent mission. Mass literacy is a relative new ___9___
social goal. A hundred years ago people didn’t need to be
good readers in order to earn a living. But in the Information
Age, no one can get by with knowing how to read well and ___10___
understand increasingly complex material.
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